NR 565 - Advanced Pharmacology
Midterm – Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct - Chamberlain
What is the DRI only approved for?
hypertension
What should be avoided with the administration of a DRI?
high fat meals
MOA eplerenone
retention of potassium and increased excretion of sodium and water
Inhibitors of what can lead to toxic levels of eplerenone?
Inhibitors of CYP3A4, increase levels of medication, risk for toxicity
MOST concerning adverse effects of eplerenone
hyperkalemia
adverse effects of CCBs in elderly patients
gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of gum tissue) and chronic eczematous rash
,verapamil increases the plasma level of what medication by 60%?
digoxin
What should patients avoid taking with CCBs?
grapefruit juice (INHIBITOR)
Can nifedipine be used to treat dysrhythmias?
No
Reflex tachycardia can occur with which CCB?
Nifedipine
What patient education should we provide when prescribing vasodilators?
increased risks for falls, symptoms of hypotension (orthostatic) and advised to sit if these occurs
common vasodilators medications
ACE inhibitors such as benazepril (Lotensin®) or lisinopril (Prinivil®, Zestril®).
ARBs such as losartan (Cozaar®).
CCBs such as diltiazem (Cardizem®, Tiazac®).
Other direct vasodilators such as hydralazine (Apresoline®), minoxidil (Loniten®) or nitroglycerin
(Nitrostat®).
What is minoxidil reserved for?
,severe hypertension
what is the unique potential adverse effect of minoxidil?
hypertrichosis (excessive growth of hair)During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for
adverse drug reactions with potential long term consequences?
1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria?
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create
drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease blood levels of
drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital,
sulfonylureas
, CYP450 inhibitors
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice,
quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties
of drugs?
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses,
some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Midterm – Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct - Chamberlain
What is the DRI only approved for?
hypertension
What should be avoided with the administration of a DRI?
high fat meals
MOA eplerenone
retention of potassium and increased excretion of sodium and water
Inhibitors of what can lead to toxic levels of eplerenone?
Inhibitors of CYP3A4, increase levels of medication, risk for toxicity
MOST concerning adverse effects of eplerenone
hyperkalemia
adverse effects of CCBs in elderly patients
gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of gum tissue) and chronic eczematous rash
,verapamil increases the plasma level of what medication by 60%?
digoxin
What should patients avoid taking with CCBs?
grapefruit juice (INHIBITOR)
Can nifedipine be used to treat dysrhythmias?
No
Reflex tachycardia can occur with which CCB?
Nifedipine
What patient education should we provide when prescribing vasodilators?
increased risks for falls, symptoms of hypotension (orthostatic) and advised to sit if these occurs
common vasodilators medications
ACE inhibitors such as benazepril (Lotensin®) or lisinopril (Prinivil®, Zestril®).
ARBs such as losartan (Cozaar®).
CCBs such as diltiazem (Cardizem®, Tiazac®).
Other direct vasodilators such as hydralazine (Apresoline®), minoxidil (Loniten®) or nitroglycerin
(Nitrostat®).
What is minoxidil reserved for?
,severe hypertension
what is the unique potential adverse effect of minoxidil?
hypertrichosis (excessive growth of hair)During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for
adverse drug reactions with potential long term consequences?
1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria?
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create
drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease blood levels of
drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital,
sulfonylureas
, CYP450 inhibitors
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice,
quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties
of drugs?
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses,
some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
