GNRS 610 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 ( 2025-2026) AZUSA PACIFIC
UNIVERSITY
A nurse recalls the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the
inflammatory response through the process of:
A. Chemotaxis
B. Endocytosis
C. Degranulation
D. Opsonization
C. Degranulation
The directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed:
A. Chemotaxis
B. Endocytosis
C. Margination
D. Diapedesis
A. Chemotaxis
A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing
shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing
bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?
,A. Eosinophils
B. Neutrophils
C. Leukotrienes
D. Monocytes
B. Neutrophils
A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes aspirin for relief. A nurse
recalls aspirin relieves the headache by:
A. Decreasing leukotriene production
B. Increasing histamine release
C. Decreasing prostaglandin production
D. Increasing platelet-activating factor
C. Decreasing prostaglandin production
What are opportunistic microorganisms?
A. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus, that live symbiotically with their host.
B. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus that takes advantage of certain
opportunities to cause disease.
C. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus that are that help protect their host by
fighting bacteria.
,D. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus that keep other microorganisms from
entering the body.
B. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus that takes advantage of certain
opportunities to cause disease.
A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation.
Which of the following types of immunity was compromised?
A. Innate immunity
B. Inflammatory response
C. Adaptive immunity
D. Specific immunity
A. Innate immunity
A child fell off the swing and scraped the right knee. The injured area becomes
painful. What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?
A. Vasoconstriction at injured site
B. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
C. Pale skin at injured site
D. Edema at injured site
D. Edema at injured site
, The microorganisms that make up the normal human flora are important for:
A. Regulating inflammation
B. Secreting bacteriostatic substances
C. Activating white blood cells
D. Preventing the colonization and multiplication of pathogens
D. Preventing the colonization and multiplication of pathogens
A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with
extensive soft tissue injury. The pain associated with the injury is related to:
A. Histamine and serotonin
B. Kinins and prostaglandins
C. Vasoconstriction
D. Immune complex formation
B. Kinins and prostaglandins
A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Cultures of the bacteria
revealed lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface. Which of the
complement pathways would be activated in this case?
A. Classical pathway
B. Lectin pathway
C. Alternative pathway
EXAM 2 ( 2025-2026) AZUSA PACIFIC
UNIVERSITY
A nurse recalls the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the
inflammatory response through the process of:
A. Chemotaxis
B. Endocytosis
C. Degranulation
D. Opsonization
C. Degranulation
The directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed:
A. Chemotaxis
B. Endocytosis
C. Margination
D. Diapedesis
A. Chemotaxis
A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing
shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing
bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?
,A. Eosinophils
B. Neutrophils
C. Leukotrienes
D. Monocytes
B. Neutrophils
A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes aspirin for relief. A nurse
recalls aspirin relieves the headache by:
A. Decreasing leukotriene production
B. Increasing histamine release
C. Decreasing prostaglandin production
D. Increasing platelet-activating factor
C. Decreasing prostaglandin production
What are opportunistic microorganisms?
A. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus, that live symbiotically with their host.
B. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus that takes advantage of certain
opportunities to cause disease.
C. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus that are that help protect their host by
fighting bacteria.
,D. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus that keep other microorganisms from
entering the body.
B. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus that takes advantage of certain
opportunities to cause disease.
A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation.
Which of the following types of immunity was compromised?
A. Innate immunity
B. Inflammatory response
C. Adaptive immunity
D. Specific immunity
A. Innate immunity
A child fell off the swing and scraped the right knee. The injured area becomes
painful. What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?
A. Vasoconstriction at injured site
B. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
C. Pale skin at injured site
D. Edema at injured site
D. Edema at injured site
, The microorganisms that make up the normal human flora are important for:
A. Regulating inflammation
B. Secreting bacteriostatic substances
C. Activating white blood cells
D. Preventing the colonization and multiplication of pathogens
D. Preventing the colonization and multiplication of pathogens
A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with
extensive soft tissue injury. The pain associated with the injury is related to:
A. Histamine and serotonin
B. Kinins and prostaglandins
C. Vasoconstriction
D. Immune complex formation
B. Kinins and prostaglandins
A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Cultures of the bacteria
revealed lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface. Which of the
complement pathways would be activated in this case?
A. Classical pathway
B. Lectin pathway
C. Alternative pathway
