BIOL 200 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
isomer - ANSWER-compounds with the same molecular formula but different
structures and therefore different properties.
structural isomer - ANSWER-compounds with different covalent arrangements of
atoms
cis-trans isomer - ANSWER-different arrangement of atoms around double bond
geometric isomer
cis- two x's on same side
tran two x's on opposite sides
enantomer - ANSWER-isomers that are mirror images of each other
functional group - ANSWER-chemical groups that are directly involved in chemical
reactions. has certain properties, such as shape and charge that causes it to
participate in chemical reactions in a characteristic way
ATP - ANSWER-Adenosine Triphosphate-- an adenine containing nucleoside
triphosphate that can react with H2O to make ADP and inorganic phosphate. This
energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cell.
element - ANSWER-any substance that cannot be broken down to any other
substance by chemical reactions
compound - ANSWER-a substance consisting of two or more different elements
combined in a fixed ratio
atom - ANSWER-the smallest unit of of an element
atomic number - ANSWER-the number of protons in the nucleus determines this
number
atomic mass - ANSWER-sum of protons and neutrons
isotopes - ANSWER-each with the same number of protons but a different number of
neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass
polar covalent bond - ANSWER-the unequal sharing of electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - ANSWER-when atoms share a pair of electrons
, ionic bond - ANSWER-attraction between to oppositely charged ions
hydrogen bond - ANSWER-attraction between a hydrogen atom carrying a partial
positive charge and an electronegative atom
monomer - ANSWER-the subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
polymer - ANSWER-a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical
monomers liked together by covalent bonds
dehydration reaction - ANSWER-water molecules are released (monomers to
polymers)
hydrolysis reaction - ANSWER-a chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two
molecules by the addition of water; functions disassembly of polymers to monomers
monosaccharide - ANSWER-the simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a
monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also called simple sugars
ex: glucose, fructose
polysaccharide - ANSWER-large carboyhydrate made of many monosaccharides
ex: cellulose, starch, glycogen, chitin
triacylglycerol - ANSWER-a lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol
molecule; also called a fat or triglyceride
3 fatty acids + glycerol
steroid - ANSWER-a four fused rings with attached chemicals groups
DNA - ANSWER-a nucleic acid molecule, usually a double-stranded helix, in which
each polynucleotides strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose
sugar and the nitrogenous bases A C G T; capable of being replicated and
determining the inherited structure of a cell's protein
RNA - ANSWER-makes proteins, expresses genes
cohesion - ANSWER-hydrogen bonding that keeps water molecules together.
surface tension - ANSWER-a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the
surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen
bonding of surface molecules
hydrogen bonding is responsible for this
specific heat - ANSWER-the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of a
substance to change its temperature by 1 degree C
solvent - ANSWER-the dissolving agent of a solution. (water is most versatile)
hydrophilic - ANSWER-having an affinity for water
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
isomer - ANSWER-compounds with the same molecular formula but different
structures and therefore different properties.
structural isomer - ANSWER-compounds with different covalent arrangements of
atoms
cis-trans isomer - ANSWER-different arrangement of atoms around double bond
geometric isomer
cis- two x's on same side
tran two x's on opposite sides
enantomer - ANSWER-isomers that are mirror images of each other
functional group - ANSWER-chemical groups that are directly involved in chemical
reactions. has certain properties, such as shape and charge that causes it to
participate in chemical reactions in a characteristic way
ATP - ANSWER-Adenosine Triphosphate-- an adenine containing nucleoside
triphosphate that can react with H2O to make ADP and inorganic phosphate. This
energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cell.
element - ANSWER-any substance that cannot be broken down to any other
substance by chemical reactions
compound - ANSWER-a substance consisting of two or more different elements
combined in a fixed ratio
atom - ANSWER-the smallest unit of of an element
atomic number - ANSWER-the number of protons in the nucleus determines this
number
atomic mass - ANSWER-sum of protons and neutrons
isotopes - ANSWER-each with the same number of protons but a different number of
neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass
polar covalent bond - ANSWER-the unequal sharing of electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - ANSWER-when atoms share a pair of electrons
, ionic bond - ANSWER-attraction between to oppositely charged ions
hydrogen bond - ANSWER-attraction between a hydrogen atom carrying a partial
positive charge and an electronegative atom
monomer - ANSWER-the subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
polymer - ANSWER-a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical
monomers liked together by covalent bonds
dehydration reaction - ANSWER-water molecules are released (monomers to
polymers)
hydrolysis reaction - ANSWER-a chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two
molecules by the addition of water; functions disassembly of polymers to monomers
monosaccharide - ANSWER-the simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a
monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also called simple sugars
ex: glucose, fructose
polysaccharide - ANSWER-large carboyhydrate made of many monosaccharides
ex: cellulose, starch, glycogen, chitin
triacylglycerol - ANSWER-a lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol
molecule; also called a fat or triglyceride
3 fatty acids + glycerol
steroid - ANSWER-a four fused rings with attached chemicals groups
DNA - ANSWER-a nucleic acid molecule, usually a double-stranded helix, in which
each polynucleotides strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose
sugar and the nitrogenous bases A C G T; capable of being replicated and
determining the inherited structure of a cell's protein
RNA - ANSWER-makes proteins, expresses genes
cohesion - ANSWER-hydrogen bonding that keeps water molecules together.
surface tension - ANSWER-a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the
surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen
bonding of surface molecules
hydrogen bonding is responsible for this
specific heat - ANSWER-the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of a
substance to change its temperature by 1 degree C
solvent - ANSWER-the dissolving agent of a solution. (water is most versatile)
hydrophilic - ANSWER-having an affinity for water
