BMSC 200 Module 10 Exam Questions
with Complete Answers
How do you number a purine? - ANSWER-Start in the N between the CH (upper left)
and go counter clockwise in ring one, clockwise in ring two
What are the purines? - ANSWER-Adenine and Guanine
Are nitrogenous bases set in stone? - ANSWER-No, they can be modified, for
example through the addition of methyl or hydroxyl groups
What effect does modifiying nitrogenous bases have? - ANSWER-It can regulate
phenotypes, for example epigenetics and host defense systems
What does epigenetics refer to? - ANSWER-That by adding different groups onto
nitrogenous bases it can alter when and how a gene sequence is expressed,
changing the phenotypes
How does epigenetics refer to evolution? - ANSWER-Changes to the patterns of
modifications of a gene are also heritable, potentially providing a faster means for
passing along changes
How does methylation of DNA play a role in host defense? - ANSWER-It helps
denote self from not self to prevent the immune system from attacking our own DNA,
for example cystesine is often methylated
How do nitrogenous bases link on to the sugar? - ANSWER-On to the 1 prime of the
sugar through an N-Beta Glycosyl bond
Where does a purine link itself to a sugar? - ANSWER-From nitrogen 9
Where does a pyrimadine link to a sugar? - ANSWER-From Nitrogen 1
What is a nucleotide? - ANSWER-A phosphorylated nucleoside
Where is a nucleotide phosphoyrlated? - ANSWER-At the 5' carbon
How many phosphates can a nucleotide have? - ANSWER-1-3
How do you name a nucleotide? - ANSWER-Indicate whether it is deoxy or not,
indicate the base, indiate whether it is mono, di, or tri phophate ie: dATP
What are polyextremophiles? - ANSWER-Bacteria that can grow in a vacuum,
frozen, under radiation
, What is the suffix for a nucleoside pruine? - ANSWER-Osine
What is the suffix for a nucleoside pyrimidine? - ANSWER-idine
What is the suffix for a nucleotide? - ANSWER-ylate
How much energy is in an anhydride linkage in ATP? - ANSWER-30 kJ/mol
How much energy is in the ester linkage in ATP? - ANSWER-14 kJ/mol
Which bond has more energy in ATP? - ANSWER-Anhydride linkage
What is cyclic AMP? - ANSWER-formed from ATP in a reaction catalyzed by
adenylyl cyclase, is a common intracellular messenger
What is adenylyl cyclase? - ANSWER-An enzyme that makes cylclic AMP
What is coenzyme A? - ANSWER-Facilitates in acyl group transfer reaction like
those observed in metabolism of lipids
How are nucleotides linked? - ANSWER-Phosphodiester linkages betwen 5' to 3'
How are nucleic acid sequences presented? - ANSWER-From five prime to three
prime
How does the hydroxyl group affect the stability of RNA? - ANSWER-The 2' hydroxyl
group makes it susceptible to hydrolysis at the phosphodiester linkage
Whey is DNA so stable? - ANSWER-Because it is needed to be long term
information storage
Do all species have the same DNA? - ANSWER-No, different species have different
base composition of DNA?
How does DNA from different tissues of the same species compare? - ANSWER-
The DNA has the same base composition throughout all tissues of the same species
How stable is base composition in a species? - ANSWER-It does not change with
age, nutrition, environment, etc.
What is Chargaffs rule? - ANSWER-That A+G=T+C
What are some things that can damage DNA? - ANSWER-UV light, carcinogens,
even certain foods - a lot of nitrates
What type of structure is DNA? - ANSWER-It is complimentary, anti-parallel double
helix
with Complete Answers
How do you number a purine? - ANSWER-Start in the N between the CH (upper left)
and go counter clockwise in ring one, clockwise in ring two
What are the purines? - ANSWER-Adenine and Guanine
Are nitrogenous bases set in stone? - ANSWER-No, they can be modified, for
example through the addition of methyl or hydroxyl groups
What effect does modifiying nitrogenous bases have? - ANSWER-It can regulate
phenotypes, for example epigenetics and host defense systems
What does epigenetics refer to? - ANSWER-That by adding different groups onto
nitrogenous bases it can alter when and how a gene sequence is expressed,
changing the phenotypes
How does epigenetics refer to evolution? - ANSWER-Changes to the patterns of
modifications of a gene are also heritable, potentially providing a faster means for
passing along changes
How does methylation of DNA play a role in host defense? - ANSWER-It helps
denote self from not self to prevent the immune system from attacking our own DNA,
for example cystesine is often methylated
How do nitrogenous bases link on to the sugar? - ANSWER-On to the 1 prime of the
sugar through an N-Beta Glycosyl bond
Where does a purine link itself to a sugar? - ANSWER-From nitrogen 9
Where does a pyrimadine link to a sugar? - ANSWER-From Nitrogen 1
What is a nucleotide? - ANSWER-A phosphorylated nucleoside
Where is a nucleotide phosphoyrlated? - ANSWER-At the 5' carbon
How many phosphates can a nucleotide have? - ANSWER-1-3
How do you name a nucleotide? - ANSWER-Indicate whether it is deoxy or not,
indicate the base, indiate whether it is mono, di, or tri phophate ie: dATP
What are polyextremophiles? - ANSWER-Bacteria that can grow in a vacuum,
frozen, under radiation
, What is the suffix for a nucleoside pruine? - ANSWER-Osine
What is the suffix for a nucleoside pyrimidine? - ANSWER-idine
What is the suffix for a nucleotide? - ANSWER-ylate
How much energy is in an anhydride linkage in ATP? - ANSWER-30 kJ/mol
How much energy is in the ester linkage in ATP? - ANSWER-14 kJ/mol
Which bond has more energy in ATP? - ANSWER-Anhydride linkage
What is cyclic AMP? - ANSWER-formed from ATP in a reaction catalyzed by
adenylyl cyclase, is a common intracellular messenger
What is adenylyl cyclase? - ANSWER-An enzyme that makes cylclic AMP
What is coenzyme A? - ANSWER-Facilitates in acyl group transfer reaction like
those observed in metabolism of lipids
How are nucleotides linked? - ANSWER-Phosphodiester linkages betwen 5' to 3'
How are nucleic acid sequences presented? - ANSWER-From five prime to three
prime
How does the hydroxyl group affect the stability of RNA? - ANSWER-The 2' hydroxyl
group makes it susceptible to hydrolysis at the phosphodiester linkage
Whey is DNA so stable? - ANSWER-Because it is needed to be long term
information storage
Do all species have the same DNA? - ANSWER-No, different species have different
base composition of DNA?
How does DNA from different tissues of the same species compare? - ANSWER-
The DNA has the same base composition throughout all tissues of the same species
How stable is base composition in a species? - ANSWER-It does not change with
age, nutrition, environment, etc.
What is Chargaffs rule? - ANSWER-That A+G=T+C
What are some things that can damage DNA? - ANSWER-UV light, carcinogens,
even certain foods - a lot of nitrates
What type of structure is DNA? - ANSWER-It is complimentary, anti-parallel double
helix
