BMSC 200 Quiz 1 Exam Questions and
Answers
silicon - ANSWER-next best candidate as chemical foundation bc it can form 4
covalent bonds and is highly abundant in Earth's crust
carbon is better than silicon - ANSWER-- Carbon-to-carbon bonds are stronger than
silicon-to-silicon bonds (more stable biomolecules).
- More energy released on combustion of carbon-carbon bonds (more energy from
carbon-based nutrients).
- Combustion products of carbon (carbon dioxide) are soluble and remain active in
biosphere (recycling).
ketone - ANSWER-carbon double bonded to oxygen
aldehyde - ANSWER-CHO
hydroxyl - ANSWER-OH-
amino - ANSWER-NH2
amido - ANSWER--CONH2
guanidino - ANSWER-R - NH - C(=NH) - NH2
imidazole - ANSWER-side chain of histidine
aromatic ring with two nitrogens
sulfhydyl - ANSWER-(-SH) consists of a sulfur atom bounced to a hydrogen atom
Disulfide - ANSWER-R-S-S-R
phosphoryl - ANSWER-R-O-PO2-OH
function - ANSWER-For all biomolecules, structure dictates
isomers - ANSWER-Same atoms but different arrangement.
cis (isomners) - ANSWER-groups on the same side of the double bond
trans (isomers) - ANSWER-groups on opposite sides of the double bond
chiral carbon - ANSWER-Carbon atom with four different groups attached
, L - ANSWER-proteins are built entirely from what amino acids?
thalidomide - ANSWER-has two chiral forms, one of which causes
birth defects
simplicity - ANSWER-Simple and conserved reactions for synthesis and degradation
recycling - ANSWER-biomolecules can be digested back to component building
blocks which are reusable
diversity - ANSWER-Incredibly complex molecules can be generated
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids - ANSWER-4 biomolecules
proteins - ANSWER-Linear polymers of amino acids that link together and fold into
complex patterns with distinct biological activities
polyssacharides - ANSWER-Monosaccharides linked together to form linear or
branched
polymers.
- higher order polysaccharides serve many important biological roles including
structural, energy storage, and cellular recognition
nucleic acids - ANSWER-Linear polymers of nucleotide building blocks (5 building
blocks for
DNA and RNA).• Involved in all aspects storage and utilization of genetic information
- cytosine, uracil, thymine, adenine, guanine
lipids - ANSWER-aggregates of building blocks (not defined polymers) that serve in
energy storage, formation of membranes, and signalling
prokaryotes - ANSWER--Small (~ 1μm diameter), simple, single cell organisms
(such as bacteria).
- Rapid growth allow quick adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
- A single compartment, the nucleoid, which contains nucleic acid.
- Other biomolecules (proteins, metabolites, etc.) in a complex, organized mix
Eukaryotes - ANSWER-- Large (~100 μm diameter) complex cells.
- Make up multi-cellular organisms such as yeast, plants, fungi, vertebrates.
- Organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, etc) to support
specialized functions.
- Differentiation of cells to unique and specialized cell types.
in vitro - ANSWER-studies the behaviour of molecules outside the context of the cell
and organism
in vivo - ANSWER-studies occur within the complexity of the cell or organism
first law of thermodynamics - ANSWER-Energy cannot be created or destroyed -
total remains constant
Answers
silicon - ANSWER-next best candidate as chemical foundation bc it can form 4
covalent bonds and is highly abundant in Earth's crust
carbon is better than silicon - ANSWER-- Carbon-to-carbon bonds are stronger than
silicon-to-silicon bonds (more stable biomolecules).
- More energy released on combustion of carbon-carbon bonds (more energy from
carbon-based nutrients).
- Combustion products of carbon (carbon dioxide) are soluble and remain active in
biosphere (recycling).
ketone - ANSWER-carbon double bonded to oxygen
aldehyde - ANSWER-CHO
hydroxyl - ANSWER-OH-
amino - ANSWER-NH2
amido - ANSWER--CONH2
guanidino - ANSWER-R - NH - C(=NH) - NH2
imidazole - ANSWER-side chain of histidine
aromatic ring with two nitrogens
sulfhydyl - ANSWER-(-SH) consists of a sulfur atom bounced to a hydrogen atom
Disulfide - ANSWER-R-S-S-R
phosphoryl - ANSWER-R-O-PO2-OH
function - ANSWER-For all biomolecules, structure dictates
isomers - ANSWER-Same atoms but different arrangement.
cis (isomners) - ANSWER-groups on the same side of the double bond
trans (isomers) - ANSWER-groups on opposite sides of the double bond
chiral carbon - ANSWER-Carbon atom with four different groups attached
, L - ANSWER-proteins are built entirely from what amino acids?
thalidomide - ANSWER-has two chiral forms, one of which causes
birth defects
simplicity - ANSWER-Simple and conserved reactions for synthesis and degradation
recycling - ANSWER-biomolecules can be digested back to component building
blocks which are reusable
diversity - ANSWER-Incredibly complex molecules can be generated
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids - ANSWER-4 biomolecules
proteins - ANSWER-Linear polymers of amino acids that link together and fold into
complex patterns with distinct biological activities
polyssacharides - ANSWER-Monosaccharides linked together to form linear or
branched
polymers.
- higher order polysaccharides serve many important biological roles including
structural, energy storage, and cellular recognition
nucleic acids - ANSWER-Linear polymers of nucleotide building blocks (5 building
blocks for
DNA and RNA).• Involved in all aspects storage and utilization of genetic information
- cytosine, uracil, thymine, adenine, guanine
lipids - ANSWER-aggregates of building blocks (not defined polymers) that serve in
energy storage, formation of membranes, and signalling
prokaryotes - ANSWER--Small (~ 1μm diameter), simple, single cell organisms
(such as bacteria).
- Rapid growth allow quick adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
- A single compartment, the nucleoid, which contains nucleic acid.
- Other biomolecules (proteins, metabolites, etc.) in a complex, organized mix
Eukaryotes - ANSWER-- Large (~100 μm diameter) complex cells.
- Make up multi-cellular organisms such as yeast, plants, fungi, vertebrates.
- Organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, etc) to support
specialized functions.
- Differentiation of cells to unique and specialized cell types.
in vitro - ANSWER-studies the behaviour of molecules outside the context of the cell
and organism
in vivo - ANSWER-studies occur within the complexity of the cell or organism
first law of thermodynamics - ANSWER-Energy cannot be created or destroyed -
total remains constant
