NR 565 - advanced pharmacology
midterm - Chamberlain Exam Questions
and Answers 2025/2026 A+ Graded
100% Verified
Functions of skeletal muscle - ANS- -Facilitate body movement
-Maintain body position
-Stabilize joints
-Produce heat
Fracture - ANS- Break in the integrity of a bone
Complete fracture - ANS- Bone broken, forming separate pieces
Incomplete fracture - ANS- Bone only partially broken
Open fracture - ANS- Skin broken
Closed fracture - ANS- Skin not broken
Simple fracture - ANS- Single break, maintaining alignment and position
Comminuted fracture - ANS- Multiple fractures and bone fractures
Compression fracture - ANS- Bone crushed or collapsed into small pieces
Impacted fracture - ANS- One end forced into adjacent bone
Pathologic fracture - ANS- results from weakness; occurs with little stress
Stress fracture - ANS- Fatigue fractures
Depressed fractures - ANS- Skill fractured and forced into brain
Healing process of bone fracture - ANS- -Hematoma
-Granulation
-Fibrocartilaginous callus
-Bony callus
,-Remodeling
Hematoma - ANS- Clot form (homeostasis)
Granulation - ANS- Tissue-inflammation response
Fibrocartilaginous callus - ANS- Procallus
Bony callus - ANS- Replacing procallus
Factors affecting bone healing - ANS- -Amount of local damage
-Proximity to bone ends
-Secondary problem (infection, foreign material)
-Blood supply to fracture site
-Systemic factors (age, nutrition, anemia, DM)
Complications of fracture - ANS- -Infections
-Ischemia
-Compartment syndrome
-Fat emboli
Other complications of fracture - ANS- muscle spasm, nerve damage, failure to heal,
deveopment of deformity, osteoarthiritis
Compartment syndrome - ANS- Increased pressure or fluid -- compress nerve and block
blood vessel
Symptoms of compartment syndrome - ANS- -Severe pain
-Ischemia
-Necrosis
Signs and symptoms of fracture - ANS- -Deformity-crepitus
-inflammation
-Pain
-Edema, swelling
Dislocation - ANS- Separation of two bones at a joint, with loss of contact between
articulating surfaces
Dislocation is usually accompanied by: - ANS- Significant damage to ligaments and
tendons
Signs and symptoms of dislocation - ANS- -Bleeding and inflammation
-Severe pain
, -Deformity
-Limited movement
Sprain - ANS- Tear in a ligament
Strain - ANS- Tear in a tendon
Avulsion - ANS- The ligaments or tendons are completely separated from their tiny bone
attachments
Signs and symptoms of sprain, strain, avulsion - ANS- -Pain
-Swelling
-Discoloration due to hematoma
-Strength and ROM limited
Osteoporosis - ANS- Decrease in bone mass and density
Primary osteoporosis - ANS- Idiopathic
Secondary osteoporosis - ANS- Complication of another disorder
Pathophysiology of osteoporosis - ANS- Bone resorption exceeds formation, results in
loss of compact bone
Signs and symptoms of osteoporosis - ANS- -Asymptomatic until fracture occurs
-Can cause compression fractures of vertebrae, wrist, or hip
-Can lead to kyphosis and scoliosis
Predisposing factors of osteoporosis - ANS- -Age 50+
-Decreased mobility/sedentary lifestyle
-Hormonal factors (excess PTH, deficit of E2 or testosterone)
-Deficits of calcium, vitamin D, or protein
-Cigarette smoking
-Lower BMI
-Asian or European ancestry
-Excessive caffeine intake
Lordosis - ANS- Swayback - curving inward at the lower back
Kyphosis - ANS- Hunchback or humpback - abnormally rounded upper back
Scoliosis - ANS- S or C shaped - sideways curve to the spine
Paget's disease - ANS- -Bone destruction replaced by fibrous tissue
midterm - Chamberlain Exam Questions
and Answers 2025/2026 A+ Graded
100% Verified
Functions of skeletal muscle - ANS- -Facilitate body movement
-Maintain body position
-Stabilize joints
-Produce heat
Fracture - ANS- Break in the integrity of a bone
Complete fracture - ANS- Bone broken, forming separate pieces
Incomplete fracture - ANS- Bone only partially broken
Open fracture - ANS- Skin broken
Closed fracture - ANS- Skin not broken
Simple fracture - ANS- Single break, maintaining alignment and position
Comminuted fracture - ANS- Multiple fractures and bone fractures
Compression fracture - ANS- Bone crushed or collapsed into small pieces
Impacted fracture - ANS- One end forced into adjacent bone
Pathologic fracture - ANS- results from weakness; occurs with little stress
Stress fracture - ANS- Fatigue fractures
Depressed fractures - ANS- Skill fractured and forced into brain
Healing process of bone fracture - ANS- -Hematoma
-Granulation
-Fibrocartilaginous callus
-Bony callus
,-Remodeling
Hematoma - ANS- Clot form (homeostasis)
Granulation - ANS- Tissue-inflammation response
Fibrocartilaginous callus - ANS- Procallus
Bony callus - ANS- Replacing procallus
Factors affecting bone healing - ANS- -Amount of local damage
-Proximity to bone ends
-Secondary problem (infection, foreign material)
-Blood supply to fracture site
-Systemic factors (age, nutrition, anemia, DM)
Complications of fracture - ANS- -Infections
-Ischemia
-Compartment syndrome
-Fat emboli
Other complications of fracture - ANS- muscle spasm, nerve damage, failure to heal,
deveopment of deformity, osteoarthiritis
Compartment syndrome - ANS- Increased pressure or fluid -- compress nerve and block
blood vessel
Symptoms of compartment syndrome - ANS- -Severe pain
-Ischemia
-Necrosis
Signs and symptoms of fracture - ANS- -Deformity-crepitus
-inflammation
-Pain
-Edema, swelling
Dislocation - ANS- Separation of two bones at a joint, with loss of contact between
articulating surfaces
Dislocation is usually accompanied by: - ANS- Significant damage to ligaments and
tendons
Signs and symptoms of dislocation - ANS- -Bleeding and inflammation
-Severe pain
, -Deformity
-Limited movement
Sprain - ANS- Tear in a ligament
Strain - ANS- Tear in a tendon
Avulsion - ANS- The ligaments or tendons are completely separated from their tiny bone
attachments
Signs and symptoms of sprain, strain, avulsion - ANS- -Pain
-Swelling
-Discoloration due to hematoma
-Strength and ROM limited
Osteoporosis - ANS- Decrease in bone mass and density
Primary osteoporosis - ANS- Idiopathic
Secondary osteoporosis - ANS- Complication of another disorder
Pathophysiology of osteoporosis - ANS- Bone resorption exceeds formation, results in
loss of compact bone
Signs and symptoms of osteoporosis - ANS- -Asymptomatic until fracture occurs
-Can cause compression fractures of vertebrae, wrist, or hip
-Can lead to kyphosis and scoliosis
Predisposing factors of osteoporosis - ANS- -Age 50+
-Decreased mobility/sedentary lifestyle
-Hormonal factors (excess PTH, deficit of E2 or testosterone)
-Deficits of calcium, vitamin D, or protein
-Cigarette smoking
-Lower BMI
-Asian or European ancestry
-Excessive caffeine intake
Lordosis - ANS- Swayback - curving inward at the lower back
Kyphosis - ANS- Hunchback or humpback - abnormally rounded upper back
Scoliosis - ANS- S or C shaped - sideways curve to the spine
Paget's disease - ANS- -Bone destruction replaced by fibrous tissue
