WSU BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 4 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B)2023-2024 ACTUAL
EXAM 210 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Organisms that rely solely on surface - (answer) colonial choanaoflagellate
Other small organisms that use their surfaces only - (answer) bacteria, microalgae, yeast
How can you be bigger than 1mm? - (answer) adaptations to enhance gas exchange: circulatory
systems and increase surface area
Gas exchange structures - (answer) Surface only (less than 1mm)
Gastrovascular cavity (hydra, jellyfish, flatworms) have increased surface area
Gills, tracheal systems, lungs also increase SA
A mixture of the above
Increased surface area example: - (answer) Green hydra: several mm long, phylum cnidaria
Jellyfish Aurelia - (answer) Has a complex gastrovascular cavity that circulates fluid
Gills - (answer) Appendages around which the medium (water) passes through
Richly supplied with blood vessels
Found in many invertebrates and vertebrates
Outside the body compared to inside like lungs
Fish gill - (answer) Rather than being a solid structure, its finely subdivided to enhance gas exchange
area
Gill filaments - (answer) Thin walled and finely divided elements that provide a lot of surface area
which exchanges oxygen and CO2
Lamellae - (answer) Offshoots of the filaments, contain small blood capillaries and blood flows in the
opposite direction of the water
, WSU BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 4 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B)2023-2024 ACTUAL
EXAM 210 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Countercurrent flow - (answer) Water flows in the opposite direction of blood to maximize the amount
of oxygen blood can pick up
As blood flows through the gills and gains oxygen from the water, it encounters fresh water with higher
oxygen concentration that offloads oxygen into the blood.
Low oxygen blood meets low oxygen water, oxygen flows from water to blood
How does countercurrent flow enable more complete removal of oxygen from the water? - (answer)
Oxygen exchange allows the blood to pick up 90% of oxygen in the water because the percentage of
oxygen concentration is in opposite directions
Are gills effective in increasing surface area? - (answer) In mackerel, a 20 fold increase due to gills, over
1 square METER
How do gill surface areas compare among different fishes? - (answer) Numbers correspond to arbitrary
units per gram body weight
Mackerel has more than a goosefish because goosefish don't need gills since they are poor aerobic
swimmers
Tracheal systems in insects - (answer) Air filled tubes that extend into the body, small insects have
passive diffusion only while large insects "breathe"
Air sacs vs tracheae
Tracheoles supply tissues - (answer) Connect to the body cells and the air that comes out uses
diffusion which is a short distance from the tracheal to the mitochondria
Tracheal system limits the size of insects - (answer) Dung beetles provide an opportunity to investigate
the effect of body size on the tracheal system
Some prehistoric insects had wings as long as a human arm, why? - (answer) Thicker exoskeleton to
resist gravity
Air oxygen levels 30% compared to current levels of 20%
EXAM 210 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Organisms that rely solely on surface - (answer) colonial choanaoflagellate
Other small organisms that use their surfaces only - (answer) bacteria, microalgae, yeast
How can you be bigger than 1mm? - (answer) adaptations to enhance gas exchange: circulatory
systems and increase surface area
Gas exchange structures - (answer) Surface only (less than 1mm)
Gastrovascular cavity (hydra, jellyfish, flatworms) have increased surface area
Gills, tracheal systems, lungs also increase SA
A mixture of the above
Increased surface area example: - (answer) Green hydra: several mm long, phylum cnidaria
Jellyfish Aurelia - (answer) Has a complex gastrovascular cavity that circulates fluid
Gills - (answer) Appendages around which the medium (water) passes through
Richly supplied with blood vessels
Found in many invertebrates and vertebrates
Outside the body compared to inside like lungs
Fish gill - (answer) Rather than being a solid structure, its finely subdivided to enhance gas exchange
area
Gill filaments - (answer) Thin walled and finely divided elements that provide a lot of surface area
which exchanges oxygen and CO2
Lamellae - (answer) Offshoots of the filaments, contain small blood capillaries and blood flows in the
opposite direction of the water
, WSU BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 4 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B)2023-2024 ACTUAL
EXAM 210 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Countercurrent flow - (answer) Water flows in the opposite direction of blood to maximize the amount
of oxygen blood can pick up
As blood flows through the gills and gains oxygen from the water, it encounters fresh water with higher
oxygen concentration that offloads oxygen into the blood.
Low oxygen blood meets low oxygen water, oxygen flows from water to blood
How does countercurrent flow enable more complete removal of oxygen from the water? - (answer)
Oxygen exchange allows the blood to pick up 90% of oxygen in the water because the percentage of
oxygen concentration is in opposite directions
Are gills effective in increasing surface area? - (answer) In mackerel, a 20 fold increase due to gills, over
1 square METER
How do gill surface areas compare among different fishes? - (answer) Numbers correspond to arbitrary
units per gram body weight
Mackerel has more than a goosefish because goosefish don't need gills since they are poor aerobic
swimmers
Tracheal systems in insects - (answer) Air filled tubes that extend into the body, small insects have
passive diffusion only while large insects "breathe"
Air sacs vs tracheae
Tracheoles supply tissues - (answer) Connect to the body cells and the air that comes out uses
diffusion which is a short distance from the tracheal to the mitochondria
Tracheal system limits the size of insects - (answer) Dung beetles provide an opportunity to investigate
the effect of body size on the tracheal system
Some prehistoric insects had wings as long as a human arm, why? - (answer) Thicker exoskeleton to
resist gravity
Air oxygen levels 30% compared to current levels of 20%
