Rush - Advanced
Pharmacology - NSG 531 -
Exam 1 Comprehensive
Questions with Verified
Answers Graded A+
Drug - Answer: a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or
prevention of disease and a substance, other than food, intended to affect the structure or any
function of the body
T/F most drugs are strong acids or strong bases - Answer: F - most drugs are weak acids or weak
bases
what are the four things that the body does to a drug? - Answer: 1. absorbs it
2. distributes it (think about it - most drugs don't have MOA in the stomach or GI tract, the body
distributes to where it acts)
3. biotransforms or metabolizes it
4. eliminates it
Pharmacokinetics - Answer: what the body does to the drug
,Describe absorption - Answer: drugs that are given orally have to get out of the gut and into
circulation
in order to do that the drugs have to pass through cell membranes
this means there has to be some form of solubility for the drug to pass through the cell
membrane
cell membranes are made of lipids
therefore drugs have to have some form of lipid solubility
What are cell membranes made of? - Answer: phsopholipid bilayer
What is the only route of drug that does not have to pass through the cell membrane? - Answer:
IV push - because it goes directly into circulation
What are the four mechanisms of transport across the cell membrane? - Answer: 1. simple
diffusion
2. channel-mediated
3. carrier-mediated
4. Active Transport
Simple diffusion - what has to be true? - Answer: -drug has to be lipid soluble
-there has to be a concentration gradient present
-if a drug is high in fat solubility it is not going to be very water soluble - these two properties
balance each other out
If a drug is high in lipid solubility and it is able to be transported by simple diffusion, what will
happen once it crosses the cell membrane? - Answer: it may meet an aqueous solution and
because it is not highly water soluble it will need to bind to a carrier protein to be transported
throughout the circulation
, What are the channels in Channel mediated transport - Answer: channels are two groups of
proteins on each side that create a pore in the cell membrane
how does channel mediated transport work? - Answer: there are two groups of proteins on
each side that create a pore in the cell membrane
there is water within the pore/channel that the water soluble drug can go through and the
protein walls of the channel create a barrier from the lipid bilayer
How does carrier mediated transport work? - Answer: -there is a carrier protein embedded in
the surface of the cell membrane that fits the drug that is trying to pass
-you have to have a complementary fit between the protein and the drug
-if it fits then it binds causing a conformation change
-the orientation of the protein flips over so that the open side of the protein is now on the
opposite side and the drug is transported to the other side of the cell membrane
-again a concentration gradient is needed
conformational change - Answer: a change in how something is oriented
i.e. carrier-mediated transport where the protein accepts the drug, then flips, orienting the
open side of the protein to the opposite side of the cell membrane
what are the three types of passive transport - Answer: simple diffusion, channel-mediated,
carrier-mediated
Does a lipid soluble or water soluble drug get absorbed more quickly? - Answer: lipid soluble
what does solubility of a drug depend on? - Answer: -whether the drug is an acid or a base
-the pH of the environment in which the drug is located
Pharmacology - NSG 531 -
Exam 1 Comprehensive
Questions with Verified
Answers Graded A+
Drug - Answer: a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or
prevention of disease and a substance, other than food, intended to affect the structure or any
function of the body
T/F most drugs are strong acids or strong bases - Answer: F - most drugs are weak acids or weak
bases
what are the four things that the body does to a drug? - Answer: 1. absorbs it
2. distributes it (think about it - most drugs don't have MOA in the stomach or GI tract, the body
distributes to where it acts)
3. biotransforms or metabolizes it
4. eliminates it
Pharmacokinetics - Answer: what the body does to the drug
,Describe absorption - Answer: drugs that are given orally have to get out of the gut and into
circulation
in order to do that the drugs have to pass through cell membranes
this means there has to be some form of solubility for the drug to pass through the cell
membrane
cell membranes are made of lipids
therefore drugs have to have some form of lipid solubility
What are cell membranes made of? - Answer: phsopholipid bilayer
What is the only route of drug that does not have to pass through the cell membrane? - Answer:
IV push - because it goes directly into circulation
What are the four mechanisms of transport across the cell membrane? - Answer: 1. simple
diffusion
2. channel-mediated
3. carrier-mediated
4. Active Transport
Simple diffusion - what has to be true? - Answer: -drug has to be lipid soluble
-there has to be a concentration gradient present
-if a drug is high in fat solubility it is not going to be very water soluble - these two properties
balance each other out
If a drug is high in lipid solubility and it is able to be transported by simple diffusion, what will
happen once it crosses the cell membrane? - Answer: it may meet an aqueous solution and
because it is not highly water soluble it will need to bind to a carrier protein to be transported
throughout the circulation
, What are the channels in Channel mediated transport - Answer: channels are two groups of
proteins on each side that create a pore in the cell membrane
how does channel mediated transport work? - Answer: there are two groups of proteins on
each side that create a pore in the cell membrane
there is water within the pore/channel that the water soluble drug can go through and the
protein walls of the channel create a barrier from the lipid bilayer
How does carrier mediated transport work? - Answer: -there is a carrier protein embedded in
the surface of the cell membrane that fits the drug that is trying to pass
-you have to have a complementary fit between the protein and the drug
-if it fits then it binds causing a conformation change
-the orientation of the protein flips over so that the open side of the protein is now on the
opposite side and the drug is transported to the other side of the cell membrane
-again a concentration gradient is needed
conformational change - Answer: a change in how something is oriented
i.e. carrier-mediated transport where the protein accepts the drug, then flips, orienting the
open side of the protein to the opposite side of the cell membrane
what are the three types of passive transport - Answer: simple diffusion, channel-mediated,
carrier-mediated
Does a lipid soluble or water soluble drug get absorbed more quickly? - Answer: lipid soluble
what does solubility of a drug depend on? - Answer: -whether the drug is an acid or a base
-the pH of the environment in which the drug is located
