NSG 223 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

NSG 223 Exam #2

Metabolic Acidosis: ABG interpretation - answer- low bicarbonate level less than 22
mEq/L and a low pH less than 7.35. The cardinal feature is a decrease in the serum
bicarbonate level.

Metabolic Alkalosis: ABG interpretation - answer- pH greater than 7.45 and a serum
bicarbonate concentration greater than 26

Respiratory Acidosis: ABG interpretation - answer- pH is less than 7.35 and PaCO2 is
greater than 45 and a compensatory increases HCO3

Respiratory Alkalosis: - answer- pH is greater than 7.45 and the PaCO2 is less than 35

Treatments for Metabolic Acidosis Medical Management: - answer- Give Bicarb
- Chronic metabolic acidosis treat calcium levels first
- Avoid tetany
- Watch for hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcemia

Treatments for Metabolic Alkalosis Medical Management: - answer- Restore fluid
volume
- Give electrolytes as needed (Sodium chloride and Potassium chloride)
- Give Tagamet
- Hypokalemia- Urine Chloride, ID the cause

Treatments for each ABG Imbalance: Acute Respiratory Acidosis - answer- Underlying
cause
- Bronchodilators
- BiPAP

Treatments for each ABG Imbalance: Chronic Respiratory Acidosis - answer- Antibiotics
- Diuretics
- Bronchodilators
- Corticosteroids
- Mechanical ventilation

Treatments for each ABG Imbalance: Respiratory Alkalosis - answer- Breathe into a
bag- raise CO2
- Reassure patient
- Pursed lip breathing

Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic Acidosis - answer- Build up of
acid in the body due to kidney failure or disease

, - Kidneys are unable to remove enough acid from your blood
- Hypocalcemia

Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic Alkalosis - answer- High pH,
high plasma bicarbonate concertation
- Gastric suctioning, vomiting, diuretic use from potassium loss, Cushing's syndrome,
long term diuretic and antacid use.

Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Respiratory Acidosis - answer-
Hypoventilation- inadequate excretion of CO2, High CO2 levels
- Acute pulmonary edema, Severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Chronic hypercapnia- excessive CO2 in the blood
- Chemoreceptors in your brain alerted to elevated CO2- Ventilation

Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Respiratory Alkalosis - answer-
Hyperventilation- panic attack or anxiety, Low CO2 levels
- Asthma
- COPD
- PE

Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic Acidosis - answer- Headache
- Confusion
- Increased respiratory rate and depth
- Hypotension
- Cool clammy skin
- Dysrhythmias

Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic Alkalosis - answer-
Hypercalcemia
- Hypertonic muscles
- Depressed respirations
- Hypokalemia
- Decreased motility and paralytic ileus
- Potassium decreases- PVCs or U waves are seen on ECCG

Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Acute Respiratory Acidosis - answer-
Wheezing
- Blurred vision
- Cyanosis in hands and feet

Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Chronic Respiratory Acidosis - answer-
Memory loss
- Coordination problems
- Sleepiness and headaches- obstructive sleep apnea
- Heart failure
- Polycythemia