NSG 223 Med Surg Exam 2
What is the difference between a DVT and VTE - answer a DVT is a stationary clot.
A VTE can be two things : a deep vein thrombus or a pulmonary emboli
What are prevention strategies for PE ? - answer Perform leg pumps while in bed
Ambulate
Drinking fluids
Stocking compresses
ROMs
Smoke cessation
What is ARDS? What is the sign/symptom
associated? - answer Acute respiratory syndrome symptoms
Hypoxemia
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Causes of ARDS - answer Trauma
pulmonary infection/aspiration
prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass
shock
fat emboli
sepsis
What is positive end expiratory pressure ( peep) - answerPositive pressure applied at
the end of ventilation which opens up collapsed alveoli decreasing V/Q mismatch
Helps prevent alveolar collapse
What intervention do you do for a pt with pulmonary emboli - answerFollowing the
prescription
Provide oxygen by nasal cannula
What is a pulmonary embolism? - answerblood clot in the lungs
A collection of particulate matter that enters the
venous system and lodges in the pulmonary
vessels.
• Large emboli obstruct blood flow, resulting in
reduced gas exchange, reduced oxygenation,
, lung tissue hypoxia, decreased perfusion, and
possibly death.
How arterial blood gas would look like in a patient with compasated respiratory
acidosis ? - answerPh = normal
Co2 > 45
Bic > 26
What is Vecuromiun and when to use it? - answerClass: neuromuscular blocking agent
• Therapeutic use: used prior to intubating a
patient
Side effect: relaxes vocal chords and jaw muscles
It gives before intubating
What is train of four ? - answerProvide stimuli along the nerve pathway.
Measure the level of muscle relaxation caused by neuromuscular blocking agent
Respiratory alkalosis symptoms - answerhyperventilation
confusion, hypokalemia, light headedness, and tingling in the extremities
Remember breathing fast will cause respiratory alkalosis. You are blowing out all Co2 =
Respiratory alkalosis
What are some examples of chronic causes of respiratory acidosis ? -
answerEmphysema
COPD
Sleep apnea
They have hard time to breath out CO2 (slow breath)⬆️accumlate in causing respiratory
acidosis.
How to understand Compasation - answerFull Compasated= PH will always be normal
Partial compensated = all 3 buffer are abnormal ( ph, co2 & bic )
Uncompensated = 1 buffer normal
Acidosis symptoms CNS - answerAcidosis in the body causes CNS depression
headache
confusion
loss of consciousness
What is the difference between a DVT and VTE - answer a DVT is a stationary clot.
A VTE can be two things : a deep vein thrombus or a pulmonary emboli
What are prevention strategies for PE ? - answer Perform leg pumps while in bed
Ambulate
Drinking fluids
Stocking compresses
ROMs
Smoke cessation
What is ARDS? What is the sign/symptom
associated? - answer Acute respiratory syndrome symptoms
Hypoxemia
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Causes of ARDS - answer Trauma
pulmonary infection/aspiration
prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass
shock
fat emboli
sepsis
What is positive end expiratory pressure ( peep) - answerPositive pressure applied at
the end of ventilation which opens up collapsed alveoli decreasing V/Q mismatch
Helps prevent alveolar collapse
What intervention do you do for a pt with pulmonary emboli - answerFollowing the
prescription
Provide oxygen by nasal cannula
What is a pulmonary embolism? - answerblood clot in the lungs
A collection of particulate matter that enters the
venous system and lodges in the pulmonary
vessels.
• Large emboli obstruct blood flow, resulting in
reduced gas exchange, reduced oxygenation,
, lung tissue hypoxia, decreased perfusion, and
possibly death.
How arterial blood gas would look like in a patient with compasated respiratory
acidosis ? - answerPh = normal
Co2 > 45
Bic > 26
What is Vecuromiun and when to use it? - answerClass: neuromuscular blocking agent
• Therapeutic use: used prior to intubating a
patient
Side effect: relaxes vocal chords and jaw muscles
It gives before intubating
What is train of four ? - answerProvide stimuli along the nerve pathway.
Measure the level of muscle relaxation caused by neuromuscular blocking agent
Respiratory alkalosis symptoms - answerhyperventilation
confusion, hypokalemia, light headedness, and tingling in the extremities
Remember breathing fast will cause respiratory alkalosis. You are blowing out all Co2 =
Respiratory alkalosis
What are some examples of chronic causes of respiratory acidosis ? -
answerEmphysema
COPD
Sleep apnea
They have hard time to breath out CO2 (slow breath)⬆️accumlate in causing respiratory
acidosis.
How to understand Compasation - answerFull Compasated= PH will always be normal
Partial compensated = all 3 buffer are abnormal ( ph, co2 & bic )
Uncompensated = 1 buffer normal
Acidosis symptoms CNS - answerAcidosis in the body causes CNS depression
headache
confusion
loss of consciousness
