NSG 223 MILESTONE BLUEPRINTS
2025
CKD metabolic acidosis-Decreased bicarb level - answer- Can't excrete acid (mainly
ammonia: NH3)
- Inability to reabsorb bicarb. (HCO3)
- If severe, causes kussmaul respirations
DECREASED BICARB LEVEL
ABG's - answer-Arterial Blood Gases
-pH 7.35- 7.45
-HCO3 (Bicarbonate) 22-26 mEq/L
-PaCO2 ( CO2 or carbon dioxide content) 35-45 mm Hg
-PaO2 (oxygen saturation in arteria blood)- 80-100 mm Hg
Pulmonary edema - answer-Fluid in interstitial spaces and alveoli of lungs
-Sudden and life threatening
-Frothy pink sputum, restless, anxious, tachypnea, noisy breathing, JVD
-MADDOG: meds, airway, decrease preload, diuretics, oxygen, blood gases
Dialysis and edema - answerHTN: hold hypertension meds, could go hypotensive, could
take after dialysis if still hypertensive
Edema: dialysis will decrease edema
Glaucoma symptoms - answerThe patient may not seek health care until he or she
experiences blurred vision or "halos" around lights, difficulty focusing, difficulty adjusting
eyes in low lighting, loss of peripheral vision, aching or discomfort around the eyes, and
headache.
-Blurred vision
-Halos around lights
-Difficulty focusing
-Difficulty adjusting eyes in low lighting
-Loss of peripheral vision
-Aching/discomfort around eyes
-Headache
-Increased IOP
Chemo side effects - answerNausea
Vomiting
Myelosuppression
SIADH, decrease renal perfusion, precipitate end products after cell lysis, and cause
interstitial nephritis
, Cardiac Toxicity
Testicular and ovarian function can be affected by chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in
possible sterility.
Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, a potentially dose-limiting toxicity, can affect the
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and/or the cranial nerves
Chemo Brain:
Many patients with cancer experience difficulty with remembering dates, multitasking,
managing numbers and finances, organization, face or object recognition, inability to
follow directions, feeling easily distracted, and motor and behavioral changes.
Fatigue
Guillan Barre assessment - answerThe patient is monitored for life-threatening
complications (respiratory failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, VTE [including DVT or PE]) so
that appropriate intervention can be initiated. Because of the threat to the patient in this
sudden, potentially life-threatening disease, the nurse must assess the patient's and
family's ability to cope and their use of coping strategies.
Maintain respiratory function
Enhancing physical mobility
Promote adequate nutrition
Improving communication
Decreasing fear and anxiety
Managing potential complications
-Symmetric weakness
-Diminished reflexes
-Ascending weakness
-History of viral disease in past few weeks
-Lumbar puncture
MS and urinary retention - answerA neurogenic bladder results in urinary retention or
leakage. The patient may describe a sensation of bladder fullness or incomplete bladder
emptying. The pharmacological treatment of urinary retention is administration of a
cholinergic agonist
From Google:
Many multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are affected by urinary retention. Common
causes include neurogenic underactive bladder and/or bladder outlet obstruction from
detrusor sphincter dyssynergia
Compartment syndrome - answerDiagnosis of compartment syndrome is based on
clinical suspicion, assessment of the 6 P's (pain, poikilothermia, pallor, paresthesia,
pulselessness, and paralysis)
-Increase in compartment volume, decrease in compartment size
-Perfusion to the tissues is impaired, causing cell death
-6-8 hours after injury, up to 48 hours
2025
CKD metabolic acidosis-Decreased bicarb level - answer- Can't excrete acid (mainly
ammonia: NH3)
- Inability to reabsorb bicarb. (HCO3)
- If severe, causes kussmaul respirations
DECREASED BICARB LEVEL
ABG's - answer-Arterial Blood Gases
-pH 7.35- 7.45
-HCO3 (Bicarbonate) 22-26 mEq/L
-PaCO2 ( CO2 or carbon dioxide content) 35-45 mm Hg
-PaO2 (oxygen saturation in arteria blood)- 80-100 mm Hg
Pulmonary edema - answer-Fluid in interstitial spaces and alveoli of lungs
-Sudden and life threatening
-Frothy pink sputum, restless, anxious, tachypnea, noisy breathing, JVD
-MADDOG: meds, airway, decrease preload, diuretics, oxygen, blood gases
Dialysis and edema - answerHTN: hold hypertension meds, could go hypotensive, could
take after dialysis if still hypertensive
Edema: dialysis will decrease edema
Glaucoma symptoms - answerThe patient may not seek health care until he or she
experiences blurred vision or "halos" around lights, difficulty focusing, difficulty adjusting
eyes in low lighting, loss of peripheral vision, aching or discomfort around the eyes, and
headache.
-Blurred vision
-Halos around lights
-Difficulty focusing
-Difficulty adjusting eyes in low lighting
-Loss of peripheral vision
-Aching/discomfort around eyes
-Headache
-Increased IOP
Chemo side effects - answerNausea
Vomiting
Myelosuppression
SIADH, decrease renal perfusion, precipitate end products after cell lysis, and cause
interstitial nephritis
, Cardiac Toxicity
Testicular and ovarian function can be affected by chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in
possible sterility.
Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, a potentially dose-limiting toxicity, can affect the
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and/or the cranial nerves
Chemo Brain:
Many patients with cancer experience difficulty with remembering dates, multitasking,
managing numbers and finances, organization, face or object recognition, inability to
follow directions, feeling easily distracted, and motor and behavioral changes.
Fatigue
Guillan Barre assessment - answerThe patient is monitored for life-threatening
complications (respiratory failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, VTE [including DVT or PE]) so
that appropriate intervention can be initiated. Because of the threat to the patient in this
sudden, potentially life-threatening disease, the nurse must assess the patient's and
family's ability to cope and their use of coping strategies.
Maintain respiratory function
Enhancing physical mobility
Promote adequate nutrition
Improving communication
Decreasing fear and anxiety
Managing potential complications
-Symmetric weakness
-Diminished reflexes
-Ascending weakness
-History of viral disease in past few weeks
-Lumbar puncture
MS and urinary retention - answerA neurogenic bladder results in urinary retention or
leakage. The patient may describe a sensation of bladder fullness or incomplete bladder
emptying. The pharmacological treatment of urinary retention is administration of a
cholinergic agonist
From Google:
Many multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are affected by urinary retention. Common
causes include neurogenic underactive bladder and/or bladder outlet obstruction from
detrusor sphincter dyssynergia
Compartment syndrome - answerDiagnosis of compartment syndrome is based on
clinical suspicion, assessment of the 6 P's (pain, poikilothermia, pallor, paresthesia,
pulselessness, and paralysis)
-Increase in compartment volume, decrease in compartment size
-Perfusion to the tissues is impaired, causing cell death
-6-8 hours after injury, up to 48 hours
