UT TYLER FNP NURS 5350 Adv Patho Exam 1 Questions With Verified Expert Solutions | Latest Update

UT TYLER FNP NURS 5350 Adv Patho Exam 1 Questions With Verified Expert Solutions | Latest Update Osmosis - ANSWER Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane; from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration; directly r/t hydrostatic pressure and solute concentration; PULL active transport - ANSWER the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy mediated transport - ANSWER simultaneous movement of a single solute molecule in one direction (uniport); of two different solute molecules in one direction (symport); of two different solute molecules in opposite directions (antiport) passive mediated transport - ANSWER "facilitated diffusion;" moving molecules through membranes WITHOUT expending energy; moving DOWN a concentration gradient active mediated transport - ANSWER "active transport;" Requires the expenditure of metabolic energy (ATP); moving UP or AGAINST a concentration gradient; the major cellular energy currency Endocytosis - ANSWER a section of the plasma membrane enfolds substances from outside the cell, invaginates (folds inward), and separates from the plasma membrane, forming a vesicle that moves into the cell; lyzosomal enzymes destroy molecules in the vesicles Pinocytosis - ANSWER "Cell drinking;" A type of endocytosis that involves the ingestion of fluids and solute molecules through formation of small vesicles Phagocytosis - ANSWER "Cell eating;" a type of endocytosis that involves the ingestion of large particles, such as bacteria, through formation of large vesicles (vacuoles) Exocytosis - ANSWER secretion of macromolecules; helps replace portions of the plasma membrane; also releases molecules synthesized by the cells into the extracellular matrix 3 ways cells communicate - ANSWER endocrine signaling, paracrine signaling, synaptic signaling endocrine signaling - ANSWER remote signaling by secretion molecules (hormones) in the blood to remote cells paracrine signaling - ANSWER secretion of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up and immobilized; contact signaling by plasma membrane bound molecules synaptic signaling - ANSWER secretion of neurotransmitters @ specialized junctions called chemical synapse; contact signaling via gap junctions Glycolysis - ANSWER the 2nd phase of cellular energy production following digestion; in this phase, a glucose molecule is split forming 2 molecules of ATP through the process of oxidation; in anaerobic conditions, this process provides energy for the cell oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER process by which energy is transferred into ATP movement of electrical impulses - ANSWER membrane potentials the different in electrical charge - ANSWER resting membrane potential active potential - ANSWER a rapid change in the resting membrane potential; carries signals and conveys info from one cell to another threshold potential - ANSWER a place where depolarization occurs and the action potential begins (depolarization of 15-20 millivolts) What is the most common cause of cellular injury? - ANSWER hypoxia (lack of oxygen) What is the most common cause of hypoxia? - ANSWER ischemia (reduced blood supply) chemical injury to cells - ANSWER begins w/ a biochemical interaction between a toxic substance and the cell's plasma membrane (which is ultimately damaged)--leading to