1
Nur 641 E Final Exam Study Guide With
Complete Solution(100% Verified) Grand
Canyon University/COMPREHENSIVE
FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS/ GET IT 100%
ACCURATE
Pharmacokinetics - (answers)involves ADME (absorption, distribution,
metabolism and elimination).
blood /plasma - (answers)Absorption: absorption from the administration site
either directly or indirectly into the
Distribution - (answers)reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into
the interstitial and intracellular fluid.
Metabolism - (answers)biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other
tissues.
Elimination - (answers)Lastly, the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from
the body.
I.V. because your putting entire dose into a patients vein and bypassing
absorption - (answers)The route of administration with the highest bioavailability
is __________________________;
, 2
I.V. Route - (answers)Which route avoids first-pass metabolism in the liver.
Rectal administration - (answers)Which administration has variable and erratic
absorption.
4-5 half-lives of a drug - (answers)Steady state (SS) is usually reached within
Half life of a drug - (answers)is how long it takes for half the drug to be excreted
from the body.
half life of a drug - (answers)determines how frequently the drug must be
administered.
half life of a drug - (answers)predicts how long toxic effects can last.
first-order (linear) pharmacokinetics - (answers)means the metabolism is directly
proportional to the free concentration of the drug .
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics - (answers)means a drug is metabolized
at a constant rate per unit time.
CYP3A4 substrate drugs - (answers)What drugs may have decreased activity if any
CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it.
, 3
laboratory research to develop the new drug, Preclinical research with animal
testing for safety, Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess
medication pharmacokinetics (Phase I), Clinical research in humans primarily for
medication safety usually in a population for which the treatment is intended
(Phase II), Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accepted
medications or placebo for efficacy and safety (Phase III), FDA review of the
results to determine approval, Postmarketing study to identify adverse effects not
found in earlier clinical studies (Phase IV). - (answers)Drug development process
involves these steps according to the FDA Discovery:
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Institute for Safe Medication Practices
(ISMP), and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
(JCAHO), The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), The Institute of
Medicine (IOM), The Joint Commission, The National Coordinating Council for
Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP), Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative and the Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) -
(answers)Medication safety organizations include the
pharmacological and idiosyncratic. - (answers)Two basic type of adverse drug
reactions (ADRs):
pharmacological. - (answers)85% to 90% of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are
medication errors, adverse drug effects, and allergic and idiosyncratic type
reactions. - (answers)Adverse drug reactions are usually preventable, frequently
occur in a hospital or nursing home setting, and include
, 4
the FDA does not mandate that ADRs be reported. - (answers)ADRs are not
commonly reported;
Polypharmacy involves - (answers)using multiple health care providers for care,
using multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription filling.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs): - (answers)lisinopril, captopril,
enalapril, ramipril, benazepril, fosinopril.
ACEIs reduce blood pressure by - (answers)suppressing the release of angiotensin-
converting enzyme.
Important side effects of ACE inhibitors include - (answers)cough and
angioedema; discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occurs.
Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents (ARBs): - (answers)candesartan (Atacand),
eprosartan (Teveten), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), telmisartan
(Micardis) and valsartan (Diovan).
ARBs reduce blood pressure by - (answers)blocking angiotensin II receptors.
Essential (primary) hypertension accounts - (answers)for 90% of case
secondary hypertension may be caused by - (answers)chronic renal failure.
Nur 641 E Final Exam Study Guide With
Complete Solution(100% Verified) Grand
Canyon University/COMPREHENSIVE
FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS/ GET IT 100%
ACCURATE
Pharmacokinetics - (answers)involves ADME (absorption, distribution,
metabolism and elimination).
blood /plasma - (answers)Absorption: absorption from the administration site
either directly or indirectly into the
Distribution - (answers)reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into
the interstitial and intracellular fluid.
Metabolism - (answers)biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other
tissues.
Elimination - (answers)Lastly, the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from
the body.
I.V. because your putting entire dose into a patients vein and bypassing
absorption - (answers)The route of administration with the highest bioavailability
is __________________________;
, 2
I.V. Route - (answers)Which route avoids first-pass metabolism in the liver.
Rectal administration - (answers)Which administration has variable and erratic
absorption.
4-5 half-lives of a drug - (answers)Steady state (SS) is usually reached within
Half life of a drug - (answers)is how long it takes for half the drug to be excreted
from the body.
half life of a drug - (answers)determines how frequently the drug must be
administered.
half life of a drug - (answers)predicts how long toxic effects can last.
first-order (linear) pharmacokinetics - (answers)means the metabolism is directly
proportional to the free concentration of the drug .
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics - (answers)means a drug is metabolized
at a constant rate per unit time.
CYP3A4 substrate drugs - (answers)What drugs may have decreased activity if any
CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it.
, 3
laboratory research to develop the new drug, Preclinical research with animal
testing for safety, Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess
medication pharmacokinetics (Phase I), Clinical research in humans primarily for
medication safety usually in a population for which the treatment is intended
(Phase II), Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accepted
medications or placebo for efficacy and safety (Phase III), FDA review of the
results to determine approval, Postmarketing study to identify adverse effects not
found in earlier clinical studies (Phase IV). - (answers)Drug development process
involves these steps according to the FDA Discovery:
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Institute for Safe Medication Practices
(ISMP), and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
(JCAHO), The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), The Institute of
Medicine (IOM), The Joint Commission, The National Coordinating Council for
Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP), Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative and the Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) -
(answers)Medication safety organizations include the
pharmacological and idiosyncratic. - (answers)Two basic type of adverse drug
reactions (ADRs):
pharmacological. - (answers)85% to 90% of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are
medication errors, adverse drug effects, and allergic and idiosyncratic type
reactions. - (answers)Adverse drug reactions are usually preventable, frequently
occur in a hospital or nursing home setting, and include
, 4
the FDA does not mandate that ADRs be reported. - (answers)ADRs are not
commonly reported;
Polypharmacy involves - (answers)using multiple health care providers for care,
using multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription filling.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs): - (answers)lisinopril, captopril,
enalapril, ramipril, benazepril, fosinopril.
ACEIs reduce blood pressure by - (answers)suppressing the release of angiotensin-
converting enzyme.
Important side effects of ACE inhibitors include - (answers)cough and
angioedema; discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occurs.
Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents (ARBs): - (answers)candesartan (Atacand),
eprosartan (Teveten), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), telmisartan
(Micardis) and valsartan (Diovan).
ARBs reduce blood pressure by - (answers)blocking angiotensin II receptors.
Essential (primary) hypertension accounts - (answers)for 90% of case
secondary hypertension may be caused by - (answers)chronic renal failure.
