NR 507 Endocrine System Exam
Questions And Answers
/. The only way for a hormone to work is through the blood stream. - Answer-✅False.
The endocrine cell can also secrete hormones that target cells directly close it. When
this occurs, this type of secretion is known as paracrine signaling.
/.Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cell's
cytoplasm - Answer-✅True.
This statement is true. Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to
receptors in the cell's cytoplasm.
/.The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - Answer-✅True.
This statement is true. The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones
/.To be considered a lipid hormone, it must be bound to a protein and it must bind to
receptors inside the cell membrane - Answer-✅False.
It must be bound to a protein and it bind to receptors on the cell membrane rather than
inside the cell membrane.
/.The pineal gland is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle - Answer-✅True.
/.The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - Answer-✅False.
The posterior pituitary receives its hormones (oxytocin and ADH) from the
hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary produces its own hormones.
/.Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. -
Answer-✅This statement is true.
/.Hyperthyroidism - Answer-✅Elevated Thyroid Hormone
Suppressed TSH
Enlarged liver
Hand tremors
/.Hypothyroidism - Answer-✅Decreased thyroid hormone and
Elevated TSH
, Fatigue
Diminished deep tendon reflexes
/.Type 1 DM - Answer-✅Onset 1<10-20 years
Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
Autoimmune:Genetic and environmental factors, resulting in gradual process of
autoimmune destruction in genetically susceptible individuals
Nonautoimmune:Unknown
Strong association with HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB genes
acute complications: Diabetic ketoacidosis
/.Type 2 DM - Answer-✅Usually > 40 years of age
Associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Symptoms: weakness, weight loss, infections
Results from genetic susceptibility (polygenic) combined with environmental
determinants and other risk factors
Inherited defects in beta-cell mass and function combined with peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
Associated with long-duration obesity
strong genetic association
Acute complications: Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
/.alpha cells - Answer-✅responsible for secreting glucagon
/.beta cells - Answer-✅responsible for secreting insulin and amylin
inhibits glucagon secretion
/.delta cells - Answer-✅responsible for secreting gastrin and somatostatin
/.F (PP) Cells - Answer-✅secrete pancreatic polypeptide that stimulates gastric
secretions and antagonizes cholecystokinin.
/.Criteria to diagnose Diabetes Type 1 and 2 - Answer-✅FPG ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L).
Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 h*
OR
2-h PG ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during OGTT. The test should be performed as
described by the WHO, using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g
anhydrous glucose dissolved in water*
OR
Questions And Answers
/. The only way for a hormone to work is through the blood stream. - Answer-✅False.
The endocrine cell can also secrete hormones that target cells directly close it. When
this occurs, this type of secretion is known as paracrine signaling.
/.Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cell's
cytoplasm - Answer-✅True.
This statement is true. Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to
receptors in the cell's cytoplasm.
/.The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - Answer-✅True.
This statement is true. The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones
/.To be considered a lipid hormone, it must be bound to a protein and it must bind to
receptors inside the cell membrane - Answer-✅False.
It must be bound to a protein and it bind to receptors on the cell membrane rather than
inside the cell membrane.
/.The pineal gland is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle - Answer-✅True.
/.The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - Answer-✅False.
The posterior pituitary receives its hormones (oxytocin and ADH) from the
hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary produces its own hormones.
/.Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. -
Answer-✅This statement is true.
/.Hyperthyroidism - Answer-✅Elevated Thyroid Hormone
Suppressed TSH
Enlarged liver
Hand tremors
/.Hypothyroidism - Answer-✅Decreased thyroid hormone and
Elevated TSH
, Fatigue
Diminished deep tendon reflexes
/.Type 1 DM - Answer-✅Onset 1<10-20 years
Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
Autoimmune:Genetic and environmental factors, resulting in gradual process of
autoimmune destruction in genetically susceptible individuals
Nonautoimmune:Unknown
Strong association with HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB genes
acute complications: Diabetic ketoacidosis
/.Type 2 DM - Answer-✅Usually > 40 years of age
Associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Symptoms: weakness, weight loss, infections
Results from genetic susceptibility (polygenic) combined with environmental
determinants and other risk factors
Inherited defects in beta-cell mass and function combined with peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
Associated with long-duration obesity
strong genetic association
Acute complications: Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
/.alpha cells - Answer-✅responsible for secreting glucagon
/.beta cells - Answer-✅responsible for secreting insulin and amylin
inhibits glucagon secretion
/.delta cells - Answer-✅responsible for secreting gastrin and somatostatin
/.F (PP) Cells - Answer-✅secrete pancreatic polypeptide that stimulates gastric
secretions and antagonizes cholecystokinin.
/.Criteria to diagnose Diabetes Type 1 and 2 - Answer-✅FPG ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L).
Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 h*
OR
2-h PG ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during OGTT. The test should be performed as
described by the WHO, using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g
anhydrous glucose dissolved in water*
OR
