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Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Physiology) 14th
Edition
Chapter 01: Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the ―Internal
Environment‖
Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following statements about homeostasis is incorrect?
a. It refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment for the body.
b. Homeostatic mechanisms do not operate in diseases.
c. Homeostasis requires integrated actions of the cells, tissues, organs, and multiple
nervous, hormonal, and local control systems.
d. Homeostatic compensations that begin after a major environmental challenge may
contribute to abnormalities of body function.
ANS: B
2. What is the most abundant type of cell in the human body?
a. Neuron
b. Epithelial cell
c. Red blood cell
d. White blood cell
e. Vascular smooth muscle cell
f. Skeletal muscle cell
ANS: C
3. The most abundant substance in the human body and the approximate percentage of that
substance in the body is which of the following?
a. Protein, 30%
b. Protein, 60%
c. Water, 30%
d. Water, 60%
e. Carbohydrate, 30%
f. Carbohydrate, 60%
ANS: D
4. If the feedback gain of a control system is 2.0, this means that the system is
a. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 1/2 of the initial disturbance to
the system.
b. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 2/3 of the initial disturbance to
the system.
c. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 3/4 of the initial disturbance to
, the system.
d. a positive feedback system capable of correcting 1/2 of the initial disturbance to
the system.
e. a positive feedback system capable of correcting 2/3 of the initial disturbance to
the system.
f. a positive feedback system capable of correcting 3/4 of the initial disturbance to
the system.
ANS: B
5. Which of the following substances has the highest extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid
concentration ratio for most mammalian cells?
a. Sodium ions
b. Potassium ions
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Glucose
e. Protein
ANS: A
6. Exchange of substances between the cardiovascular system and the interstitial fluid occurs
mainly in which of the following?
a. Arteries
b. Arterioles
c. Capillaries
d. Venules
e. Veins
ANS: C
7. What is the approximate distance from the capillaries to most cells of the body?
a. Less than 50 angstroms
b. Less than 50 microns
c. Less than 50 millimeters
d. Less than 100 angstroms
e. Less than 100 microns
f. Less than 100 millimeters
ANS: A
8. When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the blood in the circulation to
traverse the entire circulatory circuit?
a. 1 second
b. 1 minute
c. 3 minutes
d. 4 minutes
e. 5 minutes
ANS: B
9. The type of control system that can sometimes cause instability and vicious cycles is
called
, a. negative feedback. hg
b. feed-forward control. hg
c. positive feedback. hg
d. adaptive feedback. hg
e. delayed negative feedback. hg hg
ANS: C h g
10. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the body?
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
a. Return of blood pressure toward normal after a hemorrhage
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
b. Generation of action potentials in nerves hg hg hg hg hg
c. Increased respiration rate caused by accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
d. Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity that occurs in response to
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
increased blood pressure hg hg
ANS: B h g
11. Which of the following is an example of a ―feed-forward‖ control system?
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
a. The arterial baroreceptor system hg hg hg
b. The progressive nature of uterine contractions during childbirth
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
c. Control of skeletal muscle movements by the brain hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
d. Generation of an action potential hg hg hg hg
ANS: C h g
12. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
Example 1: Arterial baroreceptor control of blood pressure
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
Example 2: Excitation of the respiratory center by increased blood carbon dioxide concent
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
ration
Example 3: Hemorrhagic shock caused by severe blood loss
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
a. Example 1 only hg hg
b. Example 2 only hg hg
c. Example 3 only hg hg
d. Examples 1 and 2, but not 3 hg hg hg hg hg hg
e. Examples 1, 2, and 3 hg hg hg hg
ANS: D h g
Chapter 02: The Cell and Its Functions
hg hg hg hg hg hg
Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
MULTIPLE CHOICE hg
1. The most abundant cell membrane lipids are
hg hg hg hg hg hg
a. sphingolipids.
b. phospholipids.
c. cholesterol.
d. triglycerides.
e. sterols.
Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Physiology) 14th
Edition
Chapter 01: Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the ―Internal
Environment‖
Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following statements about homeostasis is incorrect?
a. It refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment for the body.
b. Homeostatic mechanisms do not operate in diseases.
c. Homeostasis requires integrated actions of the cells, tissues, organs, and multiple
nervous, hormonal, and local control systems.
d. Homeostatic compensations that begin after a major environmental challenge may
contribute to abnormalities of body function.
ANS: B
2. What is the most abundant type of cell in the human body?
a. Neuron
b. Epithelial cell
c. Red blood cell
d. White blood cell
e. Vascular smooth muscle cell
f. Skeletal muscle cell
ANS: C
3. The most abundant substance in the human body and the approximate percentage of that
substance in the body is which of the following?
a. Protein, 30%
b. Protein, 60%
c. Water, 30%
d. Water, 60%
e. Carbohydrate, 30%
f. Carbohydrate, 60%
ANS: D
4. If the feedback gain of a control system is 2.0, this means that the system is
a. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 1/2 of the initial disturbance to
the system.
b. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 2/3 of the initial disturbance to
the system.
c. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 3/4 of the initial disturbance to
, the system.
d. a positive feedback system capable of correcting 1/2 of the initial disturbance to
the system.
e. a positive feedback system capable of correcting 2/3 of the initial disturbance to
the system.
f. a positive feedback system capable of correcting 3/4 of the initial disturbance to
the system.
ANS: B
5. Which of the following substances has the highest extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid
concentration ratio for most mammalian cells?
a. Sodium ions
b. Potassium ions
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Glucose
e. Protein
ANS: A
6. Exchange of substances between the cardiovascular system and the interstitial fluid occurs
mainly in which of the following?
a. Arteries
b. Arterioles
c. Capillaries
d. Venules
e. Veins
ANS: C
7. What is the approximate distance from the capillaries to most cells of the body?
a. Less than 50 angstroms
b. Less than 50 microns
c. Less than 50 millimeters
d. Less than 100 angstroms
e. Less than 100 microns
f. Less than 100 millimeters
ANS: A
8. When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the blood in the circulation to
traverse the entire circulatory circuit?
a. 1 second
b. 1 minute
c. 3 minutes
d. 4 minutes
e. 5 minutes
ANS: B
9. The type of control system that can sometimes cause instability and vicious cycles is
called
, a. negative feedback. hg
b. feed-forward control. hg
c. positive feedback. hg
d. adaptive feedback. hg
e. delayed negative feedback. hg hg
ANS: C h g
10. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the body?
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
a. Return of blood pressure toward normal after a hemorrhage
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
b. Generation of action potentials in nerves hg hg hg hg hg
c. Increased respiration rate caused by accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
d. Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity that occurs in response to
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
increased blood pressure hg hg
ANS: B h g
11. Which of the following is an example of a ―feed-forward‖ control system?
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
a. The arterial baroreceptor system hg hg hg
b. The progressive nature of uterine contractions during childbirth
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
c. Control of skeletal muscle movements by the brain hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
d. Generation of an action potential hg hg hg hg
ANS: C h g
12. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
Example 1: Arterial baroreceptor control of blood pressure
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
Example 2: Excitation of the respiratory center by increased blood carbon dioxide concent
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
ration
Example 3: Hemorrhagic shock caused by severe blood loss
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
a. Example 1 only hg hg
b. Example 2 only hg hg
c. Example 3 only hg hg
d. Examples 1 and 2, but not 3 hg hg hg hg hg hg
e. Examples 1, 2, and 3 hg hg hg hg
ANS: D h g
Chapter 02: The Cell and Its Functions
hg hg hg hg hg hg
Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition
hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg hg
MULTIPLE CHOICE hg
1. The most abundant cell membrane lipids are
hg hg hg hg hg hg
a. sphingolipids.
b. phospholipids.
c. cholesterol.
d. triglycerides.
e. sterols.
