NUR 308- Quiz 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
/. Adults are approximately _____ fluid by weight. - Answer-✅55-60%
/.Older adults are approximately ____ fluid by weight - Answer-✅50-55%
/.Total body fluid varies according to: - Answer-✅- muscle mass
- electrolytes
- body fat
- age
/.Intracellular fluid - Answer-✅fluid within cells
/.Extracellular fluid - Answer-✅fluid outside cell (interstitial fluid and plasma)
/.Volume of intracellular space - Answer-✅25 liters
/.volume of extracellular space - Answer-✅- plasma: 3.5-6 liters
- interstitial: 10-12 liters
/.What are electrolytes measured in? - Answer-✅mEq
/.What do serum levels indicate? - Answer-✅Extracellular concentration
/.Osmolarity/osmolality - Answer-✅a measure of the concentration of a solution
(number of particles in a solution)
/.Normal osmolarity - Answer-✅270-300 mOsm/L
/.What is osmolarity regulated by? - Answer-✅ADH release
/.Tonicity - Answer-✅a measure of the osmotic pressure of a solution based on its
osmolality
/.Isotonic - Answer-✅solution with the same osmolality of serum and other bodily fluids
/.Hypertonic - Answer-✅a solution with an osmolality higher than that of the serum;
causes ICF compartment to shrink
, /.Hypotonic - Answer-✅a solution with an osmolality lower than that of the serum;
causes ICF to swell
/.0.9% normal saline IV - Answer-✅- isotonic solution
- used for:
IV flush
Low BP
Hypovolemic shock
Reconstitute medication
Blood transfusion
/.Colloid oncotic pressure - Answer-✅Pulling pressure exerted by proteins/colloids in
the blood
-PULLS or absorbs fluid from the interstitial space
- example: packed RBCs
- forces molecules through the capillaries
/.Hydrostatic pressure - Answer-✅Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against blood
vessel walls
- PUSHES fluid out of the vessel into the interstitial space
/.Filtration - Answer-✅Movement of water and solutes from high hydrostatic pressure to
low hydrostatic pressure
/.4 roads that lead to edema - Answer-✅1. increased capillary permeability
2. lymph obstruction
3. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
4. decreased capillary oncotic pressure
/.increased capillary permeability - Answer-✅- loss of plasma proteins
- increased tissue oncotic pressure
- occurs with burns or allergic responses
/.lymph obstruction - Answer-✅- fluid movement into the tissue (retention)
- creates congestion
/.increased capillary hydrostatic pressure - Answer-✅- fluid movement into the tissue
from pushing pressure
- common with heart failure
/.decreased capillary oncotic pressure - Answer-✅- fluid remains in interstitial spaces
due to lack of pulling pressure into vessels
- common in those who are malnourished
/.What are the two types of edema? - Answer-✅pitting and non pitting
/. Adults are approximately _____ fluid by weight. - Answer-✅55-60%
/.Older adults are approximately ____ fluid by weight - Answer-✅50-55%
/.Total body fluid varies according to: - Answer-✅- muscle mass
- electrolytes
- body fat
- age
/.Intracellular fluid - Answer-✅fluid within cells
/.Extracellular fluid - Answer-✅fluid outside cell (interstitial fluid and plasma)
/.Volume of intracellular space - Answer-✅25 liters
/.volume of extracellular space - Answer-✅- plasma: 3.5-6 liters
- interstitial: 10-12 liters
/.What are electrolytes measured in? - Answer-✅mEq
/.What do serum levels indicate? - Answer-✅Extracellular concentration
/.Osmolarity/osmolality - Answer-✅a measure of the concentration of a solution
(number of particles in a solution)
/.Normal osmolarity - Answer-✅270-300 mOsm/L
/.What is osmolarity regulated by? - Answer-✅ADH release
/.Tonicity - Answer-✅a measure of the osmotic pressure of a solution based on its
osmolality
/.Isotonic - Answer-✅solution with the same osmolality of serum and other bodily fluids
/.Hypertonic - Answer-✅a solution with an osmolality higher than that of the serum;
causes ICF compartment to shrink
, /.Hypotonic - Answer-✅a solution with an osmolality lower than that of the serum;
causes ICF to swell
/.0.9% normal saline IV - Answer-✅- isotonic solution
- used for:
IV flush
Low BP
Hypovolemic shock
Reconstitute medication
Blood transfusion
/.Colloid oncotic pressure - Answer-✅Pulling pressure exerted by proteins/colloids in
the blood
-PULLS or absorbs fluid from the interstitial space
- example: packed RBCs
- forces molecules through the capillaries
/.Hydrostatic pressure - Answer-✅Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against blood
vessel walls
- PUSHES fluid out of the vessel into the interstitial space
/.Filtration - Answer-✅Movement of water and solutes from high hydrostatic pressure to
low hydrostatic pressure
/.4 roads that lead to edema - Answer-✅1. increased capillary permeability
2. lymph obstruction
3. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
4. decreased capillary oncotic pressure
/.increased capillary permeability - Answer-✅- loss of plasma proteins
- increased tissue oncotic pressure
- occurs with burns or allergic responses
/.lymph obstruction - Answer-✅- fluid movement into the tissue (retention)
- creates congestion
/.increased capillary hydrostatic pressure - Answer-✅- fluid movement into the tissue
from pushing pressure
- common with heart failure
/.decreased capillary oncotic pressure - Answer-✅- fluid remains in interstitial spaces
due to lack of pulling pressure into vessels
- common in those who are malnourished
/.What are the two types of edema? - Answer-✅pitting and non pitting
