BIOS-251: Exam 2 Review Questions and Answers
Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of
chromosomes - -Mitosis
-The resting phase of mitosis. Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for
division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases - -Interphase
-Cells that have left the cycle and cease dividing for a long time (or permanently) - -G Zero
(G0) Phase
-The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase
before DNA synthesis begins. - -G1 Phase
-The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is
replicated. - -S Phase
-The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase
after DNA synthesis occurs.
Growth and preparation for mitosis - -G2 Phase
-First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the
centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus - -Prophase
-Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the
cell - -Metaphase
-The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move
toward opposite poles - -Anaphase
-The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the
chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed. -
-Telophase
-Division of the cytoplasm during cell division - -Cytokinesis
-Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually reproducing
organisms - -Meiosis
-Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis - -Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic
cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas
meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other and
the original parent (germ) cell.
, -Number of Chromosomes in Humans... - -46
-Haploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans - -23
-Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction - -Nucleus
-Processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes
phospholipids - -Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
-Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances - -Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum (SER)
-A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell - -
Golgi Complex
-Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell - -
Lysosomes
-Produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances, oxidizes fatty acids, and
protects cell from free radicals - -Peroxisomes
-- Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessary and damaged proteins
- Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targeted proteins into short peptides and
amino acids - -Proteasomes
-- Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
- Form mitotic spindle during mitosis - -Centrioles
-A structure in cells containing two centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop and
organized - -Centrosome
-Point of growth for cilium or flagellum - -Basal Body
-Cell component responsible for energy production; powerhouse of the cell - -
Mitochondria
-Organelle responsible for protein synthesis - -Ribosomes
-Network of protein filaments that aid in intracellular support, cell movement, and moves
organelles. - -Cytoskeleton
-The basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
Composed of plasma (cell membrane), cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleus, and cytoskeleton - -
Cells
Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of
chromosomes - -Mitosis
-The resting phase of mitosis. Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for
division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases - -Interphase
-Cells that have left the cycle and cease dividing for a long time (or permanently) - -G Zero
(G0) Phase
-The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase
before DNA synthesis begins. - -G1 Phase
-The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is
replicated. - -S Phase
-The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase
after DNA synthesis occurs.
Growth and preparation for mitosis - -G2 Phase
-First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the
centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus - -Prophase
-Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the
cell - -Metaphase
-The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move
toward opposite poles - -Anaphase
-The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the
chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed. -
-Telophase
-Division of the cytoplasm during cell division - -Cytokinesis
-Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually reproducing
organisms - -Meiosis
-Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis - -Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic
cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas
meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other and
the original parent (germ) cell.
, -Number of Chromosomes in Humans... - -46
-Haploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans - -23
-Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction - -Nucleus
-Processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes
phospholipids - -Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
-Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances - -Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum (SER)
-A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell - -
Golgi Complex
-Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell - -
Lysosomes
-Produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances, oxidizes fatty acids, and
protects cell from free radicals - -Peroxisomes
-- Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessary and damaged proteins
- Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targeted proteins into short peptides and
amino acids - -Proteasomes
-- Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
- Form mitotic spindle during mitosis - -Centrioles
-A structure in cells containing two centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop and
organized - -Centrosome
-Point of growth for cilium or flagellum - -Basal Body
-Cell component responsible for energy production; powerhouse of the cell - -
Mitochondria
-Organelle responsible for protein synthesis - -Ribosomes
-Network of protein filaments that aid in intracellular support, cell movement, and moves
organelles. - -Cytoskeleton
-The basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
Composed of plasma (cell membrane), cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleus, and cytoskeleton - -
Cells
