Newest RATED A+ 2025/2026
programmed (predictable cell death), errors (random), calorie restric on (cal reduc on
increases life span) - biological theories of aging
aging is the result of predictable cellular death; 3 theories: 1. immunity theory 2.
neuroendocrine control theory 3. gene theory - programmed theories of aging
aging is a programmed accumula on of decline in func on of immune system resul ng from
oxida ve stress - immunity theory of aging
aging is a programmed decline in func oning of nervous, endocrine, immune systems; cells lose
abililty to reproduce - neuroendocrine theory of aging
longevity associated with gene c trait; "juvenescent" = youthful vigor/mature adult well-being;
"senescent" = func onal decline/structural deteriora on - gene theory of aging
aging is a result of accumula on of random errors in the synthesis of cellular DNA and RNA; 3
theories: 1. oxida ve 2. cross-linkage 3. wear and tear - errors theories of aging
free radical theory; errors are a result of random damage from free radicals - oxida ve stress
theory
aging is product of accumulated damage from errors associated with s ffened cross-linked
proteins - cross-linkage theory
cell errors result of deteriora on over me due to overuse - wear and tear theory
, In animal models, calorie restric on increased the life span and the health of animals - calorie
restric on theory
1. ac vity theory 2. disengagment theory 3. role theory 4. con nuity theory 5. age stra fica on
theory 6. subculture theory - 6 sociological theories of aging
con nued ac vity is an indicator of successful aging - ac vity theory
during aging, individual slowly withdraws from former roles and ac vi es - disengagement
theory
ability of individual to adapt to changing roles - role theory
personality remains consistent; personality influences role ac vity and life sa sfac on -
con nuity theory
rela onship between age as an element of social structure; aging people as one cohort - age
stra fica on theory
older people have their own norms, habits, beliefs; interact be3er among peers than with
other age groups - subculture theory
1. Eriksons 2. Pecks 3. Havighurst 4. Tornstams - 4 developmental theories of aging
8 stages - Eriksons developmental theory of aging