NR507-NP Midterm Exam Questions with 100% Correct
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1. Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate
immune system?: Neutrophils; they appear first in any immune response
2. Hives (urticaria) are an example of a:
a. Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction
b. Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction
c. Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction
d. Type 4 Hypersensitivity reaction: A. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction; hives (urticarial) are an example
of a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by the antibody, IgE and mast cells
3. Anaphylaxis is a hypersensitivity reaction
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3 highly sensitized to the antigen
d. Type 4: A. Type 1; they are mediated by IgE and mast cells. An individual who is may experience anaphylaxis
4. Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of hypersensitivity reaction.
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4: D. Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T-cells.
When the individual comes in contact with the allergen (ex. poison ivy), an antigen complex is formed. On subsequent
exposure to the antigen, sensitized T-cells activate the inflammatory process that causes the allergic contact dermatitis
to appear
,NR507-NP Midterm Exam Questions with 100% Correct
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5. Type 2 (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by:
a. IgA or IgE
b. IgM or IgA
c. IgG or IgM
d. IgE or IgG: C. Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgG or IgM
,NR507-NP Midterm Exam Questions with 100% Correct
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6. Type 1: Allergic Reaction: On initial encounter with an allergen, the individual will first produce IgE
antibodies. After the allergen is cleared, the remaining IgE molecules will be bound by mast cells, basophils, and
eosinophils that contain receptors for the IgE molecules. This process is referred to as sensitization. On subsequent
exposure to the allergen, the IgE molecules located on the sensitized cells induces their immediate degranulation.
This causes the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins that results
in vasodilation, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, and mucus production. Type I hypersensitivity reactions can be
local or systemic. Systemic reactions can result in anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition. Allergic asthma
is an example of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. On exposure to certain allergens (typically inhaled), individuals
with allergic asthma experience inflammation of the airways, characterized by tissue swelling and excessive mucus
production. This narrowing of the airways makes it diflcult to breathe.
7. Type 2: Tissue-Specific: A Type II hypersensitivity reaction is tissue-specific and usually occurs as a result
of haptens that cause an IgG antibody or IgM antibody mediated response. The antibodies are specifically directed
to the antigen located on the cell membrane. A hapten is a small molecule that can cause an immune response when
it attaches to a protein. Macrophages are the primary ettector cells of Type II responses. Typical examples of Type II
reactions are drug allergies, as well as allergies against infectious agents. The Type II response begins with the antibody
binding to the antigen and may cause the following:
1. The cell to be destroyed by the antibody
2. Cell destruction through phagocytosis by macrophages
3. Damage to the cell by neutrophils triggering phagocytosis
4. Natural killer cells to release toxic substances that destroy the target cell
5. Malfunction of the cell without destruction
Examples of type II reactions include drug allergies, hemolytic anemia, blood transfusion mismatch with resulting
transfusion reaction and Rh hemolytic disease.
8. Type 3: Immune-Complex Reaction: The Type III hypersensitivity reaction is also an antigen-anti-
body response. The major ditterence between Type II and Type III responses is that in a Type II response, the antibody
binds to the antigen on the cell surface, but in Type III responses, the antibody binds to the antigen in the blood or
,NR507-NP Midterm Exam Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest Update
body fluids and then circulates to the tissue. Type III reactions are not organ specific and use neutrophils as the primary
ettector cell. In type III hypersensitivity reactions immune-complex deposition (ICD) causes autoimmune diseases,
which is often a complication. As the disease progresses a more accumulation of immune-complexes occurs, and when
the body becomes overloaded the complexes are deposited in the tissues and cause inflammation as the mononuclear
Answers | Verified | Latest Update
1. Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate
immune system?: Neutrophils; they appear first in any immune response
2. Hives (urticaria) are an example of a:
a. Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction
b. Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction
c. Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction
d. Type 4 Hypersensitivity reaction: A. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction; hives (urticarial) are an example
of a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by the antibody, IgE and mast cells
3. Anaphylaxis is a hypersensitivity reaction
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3 highly sensitized to the antigen
d. Type 4: A. Type 1; they are mediated by IgE and mast cells. An individual who is may experience anaphylaxis
4. Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of hypersensitivity reaction.
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4: D. Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T-cells.
When the individual comes in contact with the allergen (ex. poison ivy), an antigen complex is formed. On subsequent
exposure to the antigen, sensitized T-cells activate the inflammatory process that causes the allergic contact dermatitis
to appear
,NR507-NP Midterm Exam Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest Update
5. Type 2 (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by:
a. IgA or IgE
b. IgM or IgA
c. IgG or IgM
d. IgE or IgG: C. Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgG or IgM
,NR507-NP Midterm Exam Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest Update
6. Type 1: Allergic Reaction: On initial encounter with an allergen, the individual will first produce IgE
antibodies. After the allergen is cleared, the remaining IgE molecules will be bound by mast cells, basophils, and
eosinophils that contain receptors for the IgE molecules. This process is referred to as sensitization. On subsequent
exposure to the allergen, the IgE molecules located on the sensitized cells induces their immediate degranulation.
This causes the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins that results
in vasodilation, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, and mucus production. Type I hypersensitivity reactions can be
local or systemic. Systemic reactions can result in anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition. Allergic asthma
is an example of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. On exposure to certain allergens (typically inhaled), individuals
with allergic asthma experience inflammation of the airways, characterized by tissue swelling and excessive mucus
production. This narrowing of the airways makes it diflcult to breathe.
7. Type 2: Tissue-Specific: A Type II hypersensitivity reaction is tissue-specific and usually occurs as a result
of haptens that cause an IgG antibody or IgM antibody mediated response. The antibodies are specifically directed
to the antigen located on the cell membrane. A hapten is a small molecule that can cause an immune response when
it attaches to a protein. Macrophages are the primary ettector cells of Type II responses. Typical examples of Type II
reactions are drug allergies, as well as allergies against infectious agents. The Type II response begins with the antibody
binding to the antigen and may cause the following:
1. The cell to be destroyed by the antibody
2. Cell destruction through phagocytosis by macrophages
3. Damage to the cell by neutrophils triggering phagocytosis
4. Natural killer cells to release toxic substances that destroy the target cell
5. Malfunction of the cell without destruction
Examples of type II reactions include drug allergies, hemolytic anemia, blood transfusion mismatch with resulting
transfusion reaction and Rh hemolytic disease.
8. Type 3: Immune-Complex Reaction: The Type III hypersensitivity reaction is also an antigen-anti-
body response. The major ditterence between Type II and Type III responses is that in a Type II response, the antibody
binds to the antigen on the cell surface, but in Type III responses, the antibody binds to the antigen in the blood or
,NR507-NP Midterm Exam Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest Update
body fluids and then circulates to the tissue. Type III reactions are not organ specific and use neutrophils as the primary
ettector cell. In type III hypersensitivity reactions immune-complex deposition (ICD) causes autoimmune diseases,
which is often a complication. As the disease progresses a more accumulation of immune-complexes occurs, and when
the body becomes overloaded the complexes are deposited in the tissues and cause inflammation as the mononuclear
