NUR 502 ADVANCED PATHO ACTUAL FINAL EXAM | WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2025/206 LATEST
UPDATED | 100 % RATED AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
1. During times of increasing blood volume such as in heart failure, a compen-
satory renal response is
A) afferent arteriole vasoconstriction and efferent arteriole vasodilation to
promote reabsorption of fluid.
B) release of urodilatin, which inhibits water and sodium reabsorption thereby
leading to diuresis.
C) inhibition of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides to prevent fluid retention.
D) increase in antidiuretic hormone release which promotes diuresis. ans B
2. A 70-year-old woman with severe rheumatoid arthritis has difficulty with
activities of daily living such as eating and dressing herself. She also states that
she sometimes is incontinent of urine because she has trouble walking to the
bathroom because of pain and getting her underwear off quickly enough. The
type of incontinence she is describing is
A) gross.
B) mixed.
C) stress.
D) functional. ans D
3. A mother is concerned about her 5-year-old son wetting his bed at night.
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, She says he has rarely had a "dry" night and during the day he does not have
accidents. What is the most likely cause of this enuresis?
A) Urine infection
B) Reduced antidiuretic hormone response
C) Normal delay in voiding control maturation
D) Detrusor overstretching from holding his urine during the daytime ans C
4. Which of the following is an accurate description of a flaccid bladder?
A) The bladder is generally overactive with frequency and urgency.
B) It is often the result of central nervous system disorders such as a stroke.
C) Damage to the innervation from the bladder to the spinal cord causes
detrusor areflexia.
D) There are mainly problems with the storage of urine. ans C
5. Escherichia coli is a common organism implicated in uncomplicated urinary
tract infections because
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, A) it is more virulent than other bacteria.
B) it is around the anus, and the proximity to the urethra allows easy access.
C) lactobacillus in the vagina promotes growth.
D) it easily spreads through the pelvic vascular system. ans B
6. Which of the following diagnostic findings is present in pyelonephritis but not
in acute cystitis?
A) White blood cell casts
B) Nitrites
C) Leukocyte esterase
D) Hematuria ans A
7. A man has hematuria and colicky flank pain. A kidney stone is suspected.
Which diagnostic test is best to order to evaluate the stone size, location, and
hydronephrosis?
A) Kidney magnetic resonance image (MRI)
B) Ultrasound of the bladder and kidney
C) Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis
D) X-ray of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder ans C
8. Stones form in the kidney as a result of ans
A) excessive dietary calcium, which increases oxalate binding.
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/DREAMS
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2025/206 LATEST
UPDATED | 100 % RATED AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
1. During times of increasing blood volume such as in heart failure, a compen-
satory renal response is
A) afferent arteriole vasoconstriction and efferent arteriole vasodilation to
promote reabsorption of fluid.
B) release of urodilatin, which inhibits water and sodium reabsorption thereby
leading to diuresis.
C) inhibition of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides to prevent fluid retention.
D) increase in antidiuretic hormone release which promotes diuresis. ans B
2. A 70-year-old woman with severe rheumatoid arthritis has difficulty with
activities of daily living such as eating and dressing herself. She also states that
she sometimes is incontinent of urine because she has trouble walking to the
bathroom because of pain and getting her underwear off quickly enough. The
type of incontinence she is describing is
A) gross.
B) mixed.
C) stress.
D) functional. ans D
3. A mother is concerned about her 5-year-old son wetting his bed at night.
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/DREAMS
, She says he has rarely had a "dry" night and during the day he does not have
accidents. What is the most likely cause of this enuresis?
A) Urine infection
B) Reduced antidiuretic hormone response
C) Normal delay in voiding control maturation
D) Detrusor overstretching from holding his urine during the daytime ans C
4. Which of the following is an accurate description of a flaccid bladder?
A) The bladder is generally overactive with frequency and urgency.
B) It is often the result of central nervous system disorders such as a stroke.
C) Damage to the innervation from the bladder to the spinal cord causes
detrusor areflexia.
D) There are mainly problems with the storage of urine. ans C
5. Escherichia coli is a common organism implicated in uncomplicated urinary
tract infections because
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/DREAMS
, A) it is more virulent than other bacteria.
B) it is around the anus, and the proximity to the urethra allows easy access.
C) lactobacillus in the vagina promotes growth.
D) it easily spreads through the pelvic vascular system. ans B
6. Which of the following diagnostic findings is present in pyelonephritis but not
in acute cystitis?
A) White blood cell casts
B) Nitrites
C) Leukocyte esterase
D) Hematuria ans A
7. A man has hematuria and colicky flank pain. A kidney stone is suspected.
Which diagnostic test is best to order to evaluate the stone size, location, and
hydronephrosis?
A) Kidney magnetic resonance image (MRI)
B) Ultrasound of the bladder and kidney
C) Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis
D) X-ray of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder ans C
8. Stones form in the kidney as a result of ans
A) excessive dietary calcium, which increases oxalate binding.
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