PCB3703 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS|2025 LATEST|
What does ANS innervate? -CORRECT ANSWER-visceral organs (smooth muscle), glands,
blood vessels
Where are sympathetic ganglia? -CORRECT ANSWER-Near spinal cord;
para/prevertebral
Where are parasympathetic ganglia? -CORRECT ANSWER-On, near, in affector organs
Which ANS is active when we are active? What is its origin? -CORRECT ANSWER-
Sympathetic;
Thoracolumbar (T1 - L2/3)
Which ANS is active when we relax? What is its origin? -CORRECT ANSWER-parasympathetic;
Craniosacral (brain stem; S2-4)
What effects does sympathetic lead to? -CORRECT ANSWER-increased HR; Constriction of BV
(except skeletal muscle BV); increased BP; Dilation of pupils; Closure of sphincters; hair
stands; sweating
What effects does parasympathetic lead to? -CORRECT ANSWER-decreased HR; pupil
constriction; increased GI motility; increased glandular activity; sphincters open; contraction
of bladder wall
,Explain adrenal medulla -CORRECT ANSWER-specialized ganglion of SNS;
pregang. synapse on chromaffin cells in A.M.;
secretes epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%) in circulation
Pheochromocytoma -CORRECT ANSWER-tumor of adrenal medulla;
secretes excessive catecholamines;
increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) in urine
Which cranial nerves make up the parasympathetic origin? -CORRECT ANSWER-III, VII, IX, X
What neurotransmitter stimulate post-ganglionic fibers of SNS; ParaSNS? -CORRECT
ANSWER-Ach
Which cranial nerve has 3 nuclei? -CORRECT ANSWER-Vagus
What are adrenergic receptors? (system & receptor types) -CORRECT ANSWER-receptors of
sympathetic system;
alpha, beta, & dopamine receptors (2 of each)
What are the two cholinergic receptors & what is their difference? -CORRECT ANSWER-
nicotinic - first Ach receptor in one transmission line
muscarinic - "found mostly in heart"; final Ach receptor on effector organ (except adrenal
medulla)
Adrenergic receptors Neurotransmitter? -CORRECT ANSWER-norepinephrine
Cholinergic receptors Neurotransmitter? -CORRECT ANSWER-Ach
, What are peptidergic neurons? -CORRECT ANSWER-in ParasympatheticNS;
release peptides such as vasoactive inhibitory peptide & substance P
Where are alpha-1 receptors located? -CORRECT ANSWER-vasc. sm. muscle of skin & GI;
sphincters; radial muscle of eyes
alpha-1 fx? -CORRECT ANSWER-excitation (contraction / constriction)
alpha - 1 mechanism? -CORRECT ANSWER-GProtein alpha-s....phospholipase C.... formation
of IP3 & increase in Ca2+
What is alpha - 1's sensitivity to epinephrine & norepinephrine? -CORRECT ANSWER-equal
sensitive; only NE from neurons in present in high enough concentration to activate
alpha - 2 location? -CORRECT ANSWER-pre-synaptic nerve terminals; platelets; fat cells;
WALLS of GI
alpha - 2 fx? -CORRECT ANSWER-inhibition (dilation / relaxation)
alpha - 2 mechanism? -CORRECT ANSWER-Gprotein inhibitory.... inhibits adenylate cyclase....
decrease in cAMP
beta - 1 location? -CORRECT ANSWER-heart (SA/AV/ventricular muscle)
beta - 1 fx? -CORRECT ANSWER-excitation (increase HR, conduction V, contractility)
beta - 1 mechanism? -CORRECT ANSWER-activation of Gprotein alpha - s.... activate
adenylate cyclase.... increase in cAMP
beta - 1 sensitivity to catecholamines? -CORRECT ANSWER-sensitive to both;
What does ANS innervate? -CORRECT ANSWER-visceral organs (smooth muscle), glands,
blood vessels
Where are sympathetic ganglia? -CORRECT ANSWER-Near spinal cord;
para/prevertebral
Where are parasympathetic ganglia? -CORRECT ANSWER-On, near, in affector organs
Which ANS is active when we are active? What is its origin? -CORRECT ANSWER-
Sympathetic;
Thoracolumbar (T1 - L2/3)
Which ANS is active when we relax? What is its origin? -CORRECT ANSWER-parasympathetic;
Craniosacral (brain stem; S2-4)
What effects does sympathetic lead to? -CORRECT ANSWER-increased HR; Constriction of BV
(except skeletal muscle BV); increased BP; Dilation of pupils; Closure of sphincters; hair
stands; sweating
What effects does parasympathetic lead to? -CORRECT ANSWER-decreased HR; pupil
constriction; increased GI motility; increased glandular activity; sphincters open; contraction
of bladder wall
,Explain adrenal medulla -CORRECT ANSWER-specialized ganglion of SNS;
pregang. synapse on chromaffin cells in A.M.;
secretes epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%) in circulation
Pheochromocytoma -CORRECT ANSWER-tumor of adrenal medulla;
secretes excessive catecholamines;
increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) in urine
Which cranial nerves make up the parasympathetic origin? -CORRECT ANSWER-III, VII, IX, X
What neurotransmitter stimulate post-ganglionic fibers of SNS; ParaSNS? -CORRECT
ANSWER-Ach
Which cranial nerve has 3 nuclei? -CORRECT ANSWER-Vagus
What are adrenergic receptors? (system & receptor types) -CORRECT ANSWER-receptors of
sympathetic system;
alpha, beta, & dopamine receptors (2 of each)
What are the two cholinergic receptors & what is their difference? -CORRECT ANSWER-
nicotinic - first Ach receptor in one transmission line
muscarinic - "found mostly in heart"; final Ach receptor on effector organ (except adrenal
medulla)
Adrenergic receptors Neurotransmitter? -CORRECT ANSWER-norepinephrine
Cholinergic receptors Neurotransmitter? -CORRECT ANSWER-Ach
, What are peptidergic neurons? -CORRECT ANSWER-in ParasympatheticNS;
release peptides such as vasoactive inhibitory peptide & substance P
Where are alpha-1 receptors located? -CORRECT ANSWER-vasc. sm. muscle of skin & GI;
sphincters; radial muscle of eyes
alpha-1 fx? -CORRECT ANSWER-excitation (contraction / constriction)
alpha - 1 mechanism? -CORRECT ANSWER-GProtein alpha-s....phospholipase C.... formation
of IP3 & increase in Ca2+
What is alpha - 1's sensitivity to epinephrine & norepinephrine? -CORRECT ANSWER-equal
sensitive; only NE from neurons in present in high enough concentration to activate
alpha - 2 location? -CORRECT ANSWER-pre-synaptic nerve terminals; platelets; fat cells;
WALLS of GI
alpha - 2 fx? -CORRECT ANSWER-inhibition (dilation / relaxation)
alpha - 2 mechanism? -CORRECT ANSWER-Gprotein inhibitory.... inhibits adenylate cyclase....
decrease in cAMP
beta - 1 location? -CORRECT ANSWER-heart (SA/AV/ventricular muscle)
beta - 1 fx? -CORRECT ANSWER-excitation (increase HR, conduction V, contractility)
beta - 1 mechanism? -CORRECT ANSWER-activation of Gprotein alpha - s.... activate
adenylate cyclase.... increase in cAMP
beta - 1 sensitivity to catecholamines? -CORRECT ANSWER-sensitive to both;
