10/11/25, 8:25
AM
NR 224 FUNDAMENTALS EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Infection is the invasion of a susceptible host by
pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in
disease. Entry and multiplication of
organisms result in disease
Colonization occurs when a microorganism invades the host
but does not cause infection
Communicable is the infectious disease transmitted from one
Disease person to another.
If pathogens multiply the infection is symptomatic
and cause clinical
signs and
symptoms....
If clinical signs the illness is asymptomatic
and symptoms are
not present..
***Most important HAND HYGIENE!
technique to use in
preventing and
controlling
1/
14
, 10/11/25, 8:25
AM
transmission of
infection is....
1) Infectious agent or pathogen
2) Reservoir or source for pathogen growth
3) Portal of exit
***Chain of Infection 4) Mode of transmission
5) Portal of entry
6) Susceptible host
Direct contact Person to person OR Person to source
Indirect contact Person to inanimate object
Droplet contact Coughing, Sneezing, Talking (Lg particle only 3
ft)
Airborne Droplet nuclei or residue suspended in air or
carried on dust particles
Vehicles Food, water, drugs and solutions, blood, fomites
Vector -External transfer
-Internal Transmission (parasitic) Mosquito, louse,
flea, tick
Immunocompromise means having an impaired immune system.
d
Virulence is the ability to produce disease
Aerobic Bacteria require oxygen for survival and for multiplication
sufficient to cause disease.
Anaerobic thrive where little or no free oxygen is available.
2/
14
AM
NR 224 FUNDAMENTALS EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Infection is the invasion of a susceptible host by
pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in
disease. Entry and multiplication of
organisms result in disease
Colonization occurs when a microorganism invades the host
but does not cause infection
Communicable is the infectious disease transmitted from one
Disease person to another.
If pathogens multiply the infection is symptomatic
and cause clinical
signs and
symptoms....
If clinical signs the illness is asymptomatic
and symptoms are
not present..
***Most important HAND HYGIENE!
technique to use in
preventing and
controlling
1/
14
, 10/11/25, 8:25
AM
transmission of
infection is....
1) Infectious agent or pathogen
2) Reservoir or source for pathogen growth
3) Portal of exit
***Chain of Infection 4) Mode of transmission
5) Portal of entry
6) Susceptible host
Direct contact Person to person OR Person to source
Indirect contact Person to inanimate object
Droplet contact Coughing, Sneezing, Talking (Lg particle only 3
ft)
Airborne Droplet nuclei or residue suspended in air or
carried on dust particles
Vehicles Food, water, drugs and solutions, blood, fomites
Vector -External transfer
-Internal Transmission (parasitic) Mosquito, louse,
flea, tick
Immunocompromise means having an impaired immune system.
d
Virulence is the ability to produce disease
Aerobic Bacteria require oxygen for survival and for multiplication
sufficient to cause disease.
Anaerobic thrive where little or no free oxygen is available.
2/
14
