ACSM Personal Trainer Cer fica on Exam/ ACSM CPT
Cer fica on Review Exam Ques ons and answers 2
SETS COMBINED NEW!! 2025/2026
ADL - One's ability to perform daily tasks such as self care and chores
Physical Ac vity - Transi on from rest to ac ve movement
Exercise - Planned and structured physical ac vity to improve one or more of the 5 components
of fitness
5 Components of Fitness - 1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
2. Muscle Endurance
3. Muscle Strength
4. Flexibility
5. Body Composi on
Types of Fitness Condi oning - Health Related: Focuses on enhancing QoL, preven ng disease,
moderate-intensity PA
Fitness Condi oning: Focuses on exercise regimens based on recommenda ons for improving
fitness
SAID - In order to improve the goal, you must prac ce the goal. Ex. If the goal is a 5K, you must
run to train for it
Rate of Remodeling - Remodel > Damage --> increase training effort
,Damage > Remodel --> decrease training effort (or may cause overuse/injury)
Signs of Over Training - Injury, inc res ng HR, fa gued throughout day, low performance
FITT-VP - Frequency (how o>en)
Intensity (how hard)
Time (dura on)
Type (mode)
Volume (overall amount)
Progression (how to advance)
ATP-CP Phosphagen System - Anaerobic
0-30 sec high intensity work
sprints, weight li>ing
Anaerobic Glycolysis/Lac c Acid - Anaerobic
Glucose & lac c acid
:30-3 mins high intensity work
400-800m sprint, 100m swim
Oxida on System - Fat oxida on
3+ minutes
important for endurance
capacity limited by O2 and Cals available
*Unfit client has decreased ability to deliver O2 from dec capillary density preven ng delivery
, O2 Physiological Adapta ons - 1. Oxygen Deficit - ini al stages of CV training bout referred to as
lag in O2 consump on, relying on anaerobic metabolism
2. Steady State - achieved w/ sustained CV once O2 supplied equals O2 demanded. Inc fit, reach
SS faster and endurance depends how long you stay here.
3. EPOC - O2 debt, uptake remained elevated post exercise for several minutes (or house if
longer bout); EPOC effect is to restore CP/ATP in muscles and O2 in blood; "a>er burn" effect
Sino Atrial Node - Pacemaker of the heart, in RA, ini ates contrac on
Atrioventricular Node - Slows down the heart contrac ng
Right Chambers - RA receives deoxy blood from vena cava. Blood travels to RV through
tricuspid valve. Leaves RV via pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary system.
Le> Chambers - LA receives oxy blood from veins. Travels to LV through bicuspid valve then to
aorta through the aor c semilunar valve where it then travels through the body's arteries to
deliver oxygen.
Pulse Sights - Caro d (not recommended to perform on someone)
Brachial
Femoral
Radial (most recommended)
Heart Rate - Avg is 72bpm res ng (normal is 60-100bpm)
Good gauge for clients to see how fit they are becoming
Tachycardia/Bradychardia - Faster than normal heart rate, >100 bpm
Slower than normal heart rate, < 60 bpm
, Stroke Volume (SV) - The amount of blood pumped from the le> ventricle in one beat
Cardiac Output (CO) - The amount of blood pumped from the heart in one minute
Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference - Difference between oxygen content of arterial and venous
blood
Pulmonary Ven la on - Volume of air exchanged per minute
VO2 Max - Highest rate and amount of O2 achieved at maximal physical exer on
Acute CR Response to Aerobic Exercise - Increase: HR, SV, CO, AOD, BF, systolic BP, pulmonary
ven la on, O2 consump on
Chronic CR Adapta ons to Aerobic Exercise - Decrease: RHR, BP, blood lactate
Increase: SV, CO
Synovial Joints - Freely movable allowing for variety of angular, circular, and specialized
movements; most common type in human body
Cardiac Muscle - involuntary muscle ssue
Smooth Muscle - involuntary muscle ssue of arterial walls and organs of the body
Skeletal Muscle - Voluntary muscle ssue made of striated fibers
Cer fica on Review Exam Ques ons and answers 2
SETS COMBINED NEW!! 2025/2026
ADL - One's ability to perform daily tasks such as self care and chores
Physical Ac vity - Transi on from rest to ac ve movement
Exercise - Planned and structured physical ac vity to improve one or more of the 5 components
of fitness
5 Components of Fitness - 1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
2. Muscle Endurance
3. Muscle Strength
4. Flexibility
5. Body Composi on
Types of Fitness Condi oning - Health Related: Focuses on enhancing QoL, preven ng disease,
moderate-intensity PA
Fitness Condi oning: Focuses on exercise regimens based on recommenda ons for improving
fitness
SAID - In order to improve the goal, you must prac ce the goal. Ex. If the goal is a 5K, you must
run to train for it
Rate of Remodeling - Remodel > Damage --> increase training effort
,Damage > Remodel --> decrease training effort (or may cause overuse/injury)
Signs of Over Training - Injury, inc res ng HR, fa gued throughout day, low performance
FITT-VP - Frequency (how o>en)
Intensity (how hard)
Time (dura on)
Type (mode)
Volume (overall amount)
Progression (how to advance)
ATP-CP Phosphagen System - Anaerobic
0-30 sec high intensity work
sprints, weight li>ing
Anaerobic Glycolysis/Lac c Acid - Anaerobic
Glucose & lac c acid
:30-3 mins high intensity work
400-800m sprint, 100m swim
Oxida on System - Fat oxida on
3+ minutes
important for endurance
capacity limited by O2 and Cals available
*Unfit client has decreased ability to deliver O2 from dec capillary density preven ng delivery
, O2 Physiological Adapta ons - 1. Oxygen Deficit - ini al stages of CV training bout referred to as
lag in O2 consump on, relying on anaerobic metabolism
2. Steady State - achieved w/ sustained CV once O2 supplied equals O2 demanded. Inc fit, reach
SS faster and endurance depends how long you stay here.
3. EPOC - O2 debt, uptake remained elevated post exercise for several minutes (or house if
longer bout); EPOC effect is to restore CP/ATP in muscles and O2 in blood; "a>er burn" effect
Sino Atrial Node - Pacemaker of the heart, in RA, ini ates contrac on
Atrioventricular Node - Slows down the heart contrac ng
Right Chambers - RA receives deoxy blood from vena cava. Blood travels to RV through
tricuspid valve. Leaves RV via pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary system.
Le> Chambers - LA receives oxy blood from veins. Travels to LV through bicuspid valve then to
aorta through the aor c semilunar valve where it then travels through the body's arteries to
deliver oxygen.
Pulse Sights - Caro d (not recommended to perform on someone)
Brachial
Femoral
Radial (most recommended)
Heart Rate - Avg is 72bpm res ng (normal is 60-100bpm)
Good gauge for clients to see how fit they are becoming
Tachycardia/Bradychardia - Faster than normal heart rate, >100 bpm
Slower than normal heart rate, < 60 bpm
, Stroke Volume (SV) - The amount of blood pumped from the le> ventricle in one beat
Cardiac Output (CO) - The amount of blood pumped from the heart in one minute
Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference - Difference between oxygen content of arterial and venous
blood
Pulmonary Ven la on - Volume of air exchanged per minute
VO2 Max - Highest rate and amount of O2 achieved at maximal physical exer on
Acute CR Response to Aerobic Exercise - Increase: HR, SV, CO, AOD, BF, systolic BP, pulmonary
ven la on, O2 consump on
Chronic CR Adapta ons to Aerobic Exercise - Decrease: RHR, BP, blood lactate
Increase: SV, CO
Synovial Joints - Freely movable allowing for variety of angular, circular, and specialized
movements; most common type in human body
Cardiac Muscle - involuntary muscle ssue
Smooth Muscle - involuntary muscle ssue of arterial walls and organs of the body
Skeletal Muscle - Voluntary muscle ssue made of striated fibers
