NUR 305 - Immunity
immunity - answer a physiological process that provides an individual with protection or
defense from disease
Lymphocytes - answer- B & T cells; found in blood & lymph tissue
Increased = bacterial, viral, leukemia
Decreased = corticosteroid, types of anemia
B lymphcytes (B cells) - answer- build antibodies in the bone marrow
- produce memory B cells so that we remember & fight it off in the future
- tells macrophages to go flag
- humoral response
T lymphocytes (T cells) - answer- made in the thymus
- target & kill cells in our body that are already infected
- create killer T cells that will look for any cells in our body that are infected
Monocytes - answerAn agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues &
transform into a macrophage - more mature form
Macrophages - answer- specialized cells involved in detection, destruction, &
phagocytosis
- presents piece of antigen with MHC2
Increased = chronic inflammation, protozoan, TB, mono
Decreased = steroids, anemia, leukemia
Leukocytes - answerwhite blood cells that fight infection
Eosinophils - answertarget larger invaders like parasites & worms
- also seen in an allergic response, detox, produce enzymes to attack
Increased = allergic reactions, parasites, eczema, leukemia, autoimmune diseases
Decreased = stress, steroids
Basophils - answerCirculating leukocyte that produces histamine & heparin
- Stimulate general inflammation & response to allergy & hypersensitivity
Increased = leukemia
Decreased = allergic, hyperthyroidism, stress
Neutrophils - answerNormal range = 40-60%, 2.5-7k
, first ones who go to the site of infection
- rapidly reproduce
- kill & digest bacteria & fungi to help fight infections & heal wounds
- patrol the body
Abnormal result = neutropenia (less than 2k)
Mast cells - answerfound in the connective tissue of the dermis
- another form of basophils
- respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances like
heparin & histamine
Bands - answerimmature neutrophils
- development usually indicates infection
- "left shift"
IgG - answerimmunoglobulin G
- the most frequent
- can cross placenta
- coats the antigen for immune response
- binds for removal
IgA - answerimmunoglobulin A
- found in bodily fluids
- passed through breast milk
- important during allergic reactions
IgM - answerimmunoglobulin M
- first antibody produced in an immune response
IgE - answerimmunoglobulin E
- produced in allergic reaction & parasites
IgD - answerimmunoglobulin D
- very small amounts in the body
- not much is known about this antibody
clinical use of immunoglobulins - answerImmunotherapy
- cancer, COVID, MG, lupus, transplants
immunocompromised - answeran immune system incapable of responding normally &
completely to a pathogen or disease
- immune response is suppressed
Suppressed immunity: populations & individuals at greatest risk - answer- newborns
(not enough lymphocytes)
immunity - answer a physiological process that provides an individual with protection or
defense from disease
Lymphocytes - answer- B & T cells; found in blood & lymph tissue
Increased = bacterial, viral, leukemia
Decreased = corticosteroid, types of anemia
B lymphcytes (B cells) - answer- build antibodies in the bone marrow
- produce memory B cells so that we remember & fight it off in the future
- tells macrophages to go flag
- humoral response
T lymphocytes (T cells) - answer- made in the thymus
- target & kill cells in our body that are already infected
- create killer T cells that will look for any cells in our body that are infected
Monocytes - answerAn agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues &
transform into a macrophage - more mature form
Macrophages - answer- specialized cells involved in detection, destruction, &
phagocytosis
- presents piece of antigen with MHC2
Increased = chronic inflammation, protozoan, TB, mono
Decreased = steroids, anemia, leukemia
Leukocytes - answerwhite blood cells that fight infection
Eosinophils - answertarget larger invaders like parasites & worms
- also seen in an allergic response, detox, produce enzymes to attack
Increased = allergic reactions, parasites, eczema, leukemia, autoimmune diseases
Decreased = stress, steroids
Basophils - answerCirculating leukocyte that produces histamine & heparin
- Stimulate general inflammation & response to allergy & hypersensitivity
Increased = leukemia
Decreased = allergic, hyperthyroidism, stress
Neutrophils - answerNormal range = 40-60%, 2.5-7k
, first ones who go to the site of infection
- rapidly reproduce
- kill & digest bacteria & fungi to help fight infections & heal wounds
- patrol the body
Abnormal result = neutropenia (less than 2k)
Mast cells - answerfound in the connective tissue of the dermis
- another form of basophils
- respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances like
heparin & histamine
Bands - answerimmature neutrophils
- development usually indicates infection
- "left shift"
IgG - answerimmunoglobulin G
- the most frequent
- can cross placenta
- coats the antigen for immune response
- binds for removal
IgA - answerimmunoglobulin A
- found in bodily fluids
- passed through breast milk
- important during allergic reactions
IgM - answerimmunoglobulin M
- first antibody produced in an immune response
IgE - answerimmunoglobulin E
- produced in allergic reaction & parasites
IgD - answerimmunoglobulin D
- very small amounts in the body
- not much is known about this antibody
clinical use of immunoglobulins - answerImmunotherapy
- cancer, COVID, MG, lupus, transplants
immunocompromised - answeran immune system incapable of responding normally &
completely to a pathogen or disease
- immune response is suppressed
Suppressed immunity: populations & individuals at greatest risk - answer- newborns
(not enough lymphocytes)
