UNT (BIOL 2311) Lab exam 1 Questions
And Answers.latest Exam 2025/2026
Central dogma - info stored in DNA --> transcribed into RNA -->
translated into protein
What enzyme carries out transcription - RNA polymerase
What is the updated version of the central dogma - includes
retroviruses --> genetic info can be stored in RNA which is then
transcribed into DNA by reverse transcriptase
What is the issue with reverse transcptase - it is very error
prone and there is no proofreading function, which allows the
virus to mutate very fast
What are the two catergories of genes - Protein coding and
non-protein coding genes
1|Page
,What happens to non-protein coding genes - they are
transcribed, but not translated
What are the three parts of a gene - promoter region, coding
region, termination sequence
Promoter region - where RNA polymerase binds
Coding region - gene that is transcribed by rna polymerase,
has a coding and template strand
How does rna polymerase transcribe generally - has a helicase
function to break up the strand and then makes a
complementary sequence to the template strand
What is the difference between the template and coding strand
- the template strand is the strand we copy, the coding strand
contains the sequence we want --> new strand will be identical
to the coding strand
What are the phases of transcription - initation, elongation,
termination
2|Page
, What occurs during initiation - rna polymerase attaches to the
promoter and separates the strands
What occurs during elongation - polymerase reads the
template strand to generate the rna transcript
What occurs during termination - once polymerase reaches
termination sequences it detaches from dna and releases the
rna transcript
What causes the rna polymerase to detach - the rho factor
breaks the hydrogen bonding between rna polymerase and
the new strand
How many types of rna polymerase do prokaryotes have - 1
What are the 2 section of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes -
sigma factor and core enzyme
Sigma factor - binds to promoter region of genes via dna
sequence region, separates strands to enable core enzyme to
begin transcription
3|Page
And Answers.latest Exam 2025/2026
Central dogma - info stored in DNA --> transcribed into RNA -->
translated into protein
What enzyme carries out transcription - RNA polymerase
What is the updated version of the central dogma - includes
retroviruses --> genetic info can be stored in RNA which is then
transcribed into DNA by reverse transcriptase
What is the issue with reverse transcptase - it is very error
prone and there is no proofreading function, which allows the
virus to mutate very fast
What are the two catergories of genes - Protein coding and
non-protein coding genes
1|Page
,What happens to non-protein coding genes - they are
transcribed, but not translated
What are the three parts of a gene - promoter region, coding
region, termination sequence
Promoter region - where RNA polymerase binds
Coding region - gene that is transcribed by rna polymerase,
has a coding and template strand
How does rna polymerase transcribe generally - has a helicase
function to break up the strand and then makes a
complementary sequence to the template strand
What is the difference between the template and coding strand
- the template strand is the strand we copy, the coding strand
contains the sequence we want --> new strand will be identical
to the coding strand
What are the phases of transcription - initation, elongation,
termination
2|Page
, What occurs during initiation - rna polymerase attaches to the
promoter and separates the strands
What occurs during elongation - polymerase reads the
template strand to generate the rna transcript
What occurs during termination - once polymerase reaches
termination sequences it detaches from dna and releases the
rna transcript
What causes the rna polymerase to detach - the rho factor
breaks the hydrogen bonding between rna polymerase and
the new strand
How many types of rna polymerase do prokaryotes have - 1
What are the 2 section of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes -
sigma factor and core enzyme
Sigma factor - binds to promoter region of genes via dna
sequence region, separates strands to enable core enzyme to
begin transcription
3|Page
