2025/2026 BIOSTATISTICS NOTES

BIOSTATISTICS
lecture notes
Notes by Agradeservers.

, Table of Contents: Biostatistics
1. Course Objectives & Terminologies
•1.1. Course Objectives
•1.2. Key Definitions
• Statistics and Biostatistics
• Variables (Qualitative vs. Quantitative)
2. Scales of Measurement
•2.1. Nominal Scale
•2.2. Ordinal Scale
•2.3. Interval Scale
•2.4. Ratio Scale
3. Descriptive Statistics
•3.1. Measures of Central Tendency
• Arithmetic Mean
• Median
• Mode
•3.2. Measures of Dispersion (Variability)
• Range
• Difference Score
• Sum of Squares
• Variance
• Standard Deviation

,•3.3. Frequency Distributions
• Ungrouped Frequency
• Grouped Frequency Distribution
4. Graphic Presentation of Data
•4.1. Bar Charts
•4.2. Histograms
•4.3. Frequency Polygons
•4.4. Scatter Plots
5. Inferential Statistics
•5.1. Introduction to Inferential Statistics
•5.2. Chi-Square Test (x²)
•5.3. T-Test
•5.4. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
•5.5. Correlation Tests
• Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r)
•5.6. Regression

, Outline
• Objectives  Graphic
presentation of freq.
• Definitions
distribution
• Scales of • Inferential statistics
measurements  Chi square
• Descriptive  T-tests
statistics  ANOVA
 Central tendency  Correlation
 Dispersion  Regression
 Frequency