General Pharmacology Flashcards
Question Answer
Section: Basic Definitions
What is pharmacology? Pharmacology is the branch of science that deals
with the study of drugs, their sources, chemical
properties, biological effects, and therapeutic uses.
Define a drug. A drug is any substance that, when administered to
a living organism, produces a biological effect.
What is therapeutics? Therapeutics is the branch of medicine concerned
with the treatment and prevention of disease using
drugs or other means.
What is chemotherapy? Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy or
inhibit the growth of infecting organisms or cancer
cells without harming the host.
What is toxicology? Toxicology is the study of harmful or toxic effects of
drugs and other chemicals on living organisms.
Section: Pharmacokinetics
What are the four main processes Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
of pharmacokinetics? (ADME).
What is drug absorption? The process by which a drug moves from its site of
administration into the bloodstream.
What factors affect drug Lipid solubility, pH and ionization, blood flow,
absorption? surface area, route of administration, and presence
of food.
What is bioavailability? The fraction of the administered dose of a drug that
reaches the systemic circulation in an active form.
What is first-pass metabolism? The metabolism of a drug in the liver after oral
administration before it reaches systemic circulation,
reducing its bioavailability.
Define volume of distribution (Vd). A theoretical volume that relates the amount of drug
in the body to its concentration in plasma.
What is drug metabolism The chemical alteration of a drug by the body,
(biotransformation)? usually by liver enzymes, into more water-soluble
compounds for excretion.
Name the two phases of drug Phase I: Functionalization reactions (oxidation,
metabolism. reduction, hydrolysis). Phase II: Conjugation
reactions (glucuronidation, sulfation, acetylation).
What is drug excretion? The process of eliminating drugs from the body,
primarily through the kidneys (urine) or bile (feces).
Section: Pharmacodynamics
Question Answer
Section: Basic Definitions
What is pharmacology? Pharmacology is the branch of science that deals
with the study of drugs, their sources, chemical
properties, biological effects, and therapeutic uses.
Define a drug. A drug is any substance that, when administered to
a living organism, produces a biological effect.
What is therapeutics? Therapeutics is the branch of medicine concerned
with the treatment and prevention of disease using
drugs or other means.
What is chemotherapy? Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy or
inhibit the growth of infecting organisms or cancer
cells without harming the host.
What is toxicology? Toxicology is the study of harmful or toxic effects of
drugs and other chemicals on living organisms.
Section: Pharmacokinetics
What are the four main processes Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
of pharmacokinetics? (ADME).
What is drug absorption? The process by which a drug moves from its site of
administration into the bloodstream.
What factors affect drug Lipid solubility, pH and ionization, blood flow,
absorption? surface area, route of administration, and presence
of food.
What is bioavailability? The fraction of the administered dose of a drug that
reaches the systemic circulation in an active form.
What is first-pass metabolism? The metabolism of a drug in the liver after oral
administration before it reaches systemic circulation,
reducing its bioavailability.
Define volume of distribution (Vd). A theoretical volume that relates the amount of drug
in the body to its concentration in plasma.
What is drug metabolism The chemical alteration of a drug by the body,
(biotransformation)? usually by liver enzymes, into more water-soluble
compounds for excretion.
Name the two phases of drug Phase I: Functionalization reactions (oxidation,
metabolism. reduction, hydrolysis). Phase II: Conjugation
reactions (glucuronidation, sulfation, acetylation).
What is drug excretion? The process of eliminating drugs from the body,
primarily through the kidneys (urine) or bile (feces).
Section: Pharmacodynamics
