1|Page
ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 160 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||NEWEST EXAM!!!
What are the advantages of being complex? - ANSWER--
If small enough, you can get oxygen to your cells through
diffusion
-If not, a specialized respiratory systems is needed
Being bigger (more complex)
- can eat larger things
- are harder to kill
- able to exploit new niches
Does natural selection lead to even greater complexity? -
ANSWER-Evolution is a non-directional process
What is the biological species concept? - ANSWER-A
species is a population or group of populations whose
members have the potential to interbreed in nature and
produce viable, fertile offspring
• ... Are reproductively isolated from other such
populations
,2|Page
What is the Ecological species concept? - ANSWER-•
defines a species in terms of it's ecological niche
• a species' niche depends on its unique adaptations to its
role in the biological community
What is the genealogical concept? - ANSWER-• defines a
species as a set of organisms with a unique genetic
history
What is the morphological species concept? - ANSWER-
defines a species in terms of its unique structural features
(its morphology)
How do groups undergo speciation? (Become
reproductively isolated) - ANSWER-Two populations
become so different that they are considered different
species
A population becomes so different from its ancestral state
that it is considered another species
What is anagenesis? - ANSWER-A pattern of speciation
- Phyletic evolution
- is an accumulation of changes with the transformation of
one species to another
,3|Page
- these processes can lead to change within a population
(or species)
- but has no increase in number of species
What is Cladogenesis? - ANSWER-A pattern of speciation
- Branching evolution
- Branching off of one or more new species from a parent
species that continues to exist
- increases the number of species
Hence the increase of biological diversity
E.g. Adaptive radiation
What is allopathic speciation? - ANSWER-- Population
splits into two geographically isolated groups
- Genetic changes accumulate
- Cumulative differences prevent breeding between
individuals of the two populations
- Two species have evolved
What is the key to speciation? - ANSWER-Reproductive
isolation
- even w/o geographic isolation
, 4|Page
What is sympatric speciation? - ANSWER-When
populations are in the same physical area
•But become genetically isolated by genetic events
• e.g., polyploidy
•Or behavioral or other isolating mechanisms • e.g.,
mating patterns, feeding behavior
What is Parapatric speciation? - ANSWER-Contiguous
populations
•But individuals more likely to mate with local neighbors
• gene flow limited
•Helped by heterogeneous environment and disruptive
selection
What are the types of reproductive isolation? - ANSWER-
Prezygotic and Postzygotic
What is Prezygotic (reproductive isolation)? - ANSWER-
Impede mating between species or hinder fertilization if
mating is attempted
ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 160 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||NEWEST EXAM!!!
What are the advantages of being complex? - ANSWER--
If small enough, you can get oxygen to your cells through
diffusion
-If not, a specialized respiratory systems is needed
Being bigger (more complex)
- can eat larger things
- are harder to kill
- able to exploit new niches
Does natural selection lead to even greater complexity? -
ANSWER-Evolution is a non-directional process
What is the biological species concept? - ANSWER-A
species is a population or group of populations whose
members have the potential to interbreed in nature and
produce viable, fertile offspring
• ... Are reproductively isolated from other such
populations
,2|Page
What is the Ecological species concept? - ANSWER-•
defines a species in terms of it's ecological niche
• a species' niche depends on its unique adaptations to its
role in the biological community
What is the genealogical concept? - ANSWER-• defines a
species as a set of organisms with a unique genetic
history
What is the morphological species concept? - ANSWER-
defines a species in terms of its unique structural features
(its morphology)
How do groups undergo speciation? (Become
reproductively isolated) - ANSWER-Two populations
become so different that they are considered different
species
A population becomes so different from its ancestral state
that it is considered another species
What is anagenesis? - ANSWER-A pattern of speciation
- Phyletic evolution
- is an accumulation of changes with the transformation of
one species to another
,3|Page
- these processes can lead to change within a population
(or species)
- but has no increase in number of species
What is Cladogenesis? - ANSWER-A pattern of speciation
- Branching evolution
- Branching off of one or more new species from a parent
species that continues to exist
- increases the number of species
Hence the increase of biological diversity
E.g. Adaptive radiation
What is allopathic speciation? - ANSWER-- Population
splits into two geographically isolated groups
- Genetic changes accumulate
- Cumulative differences prevent breeding between
individuals of the two populations
- Two species have evolved
What is the key to speciation? - ANSWER-Reproductive
isolation
- even w/o geographic isolation
, 4|Page
What is sympatric speciation? - ANSWER-When
populations are in the same physical area
•But become genetically isolated by genetic events
• e.g., polyploidy
•Or behavioral or other isolating mechanisms • e.g.,
mating patterns, feeding behavior
What is Parapatric speciation? - ANSWER-Contiguous
populations
•But individuals more likely to mate with local neighbors
• gene flow limited
•Helped by heterogeneous environment and disruptive
selection
What are the types of reproductive isolation? - ANSWER-
Prezygotic and Postzygotic
What is Prezygotic (reproductive isolation)? - ANSWER-
Impede mating between species or hinder fertilization if
mating is attempted
