FOSEM exam 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A state of circulatory insufficiency that creates an imbalance
What is shock?
between tissue oxygen supply and demand, resulting in
end-organ dysfunction.
What are the four main Distributive, Hypovolemic, Cardiogenic, and Obstructive.
categories of shock?
What is the mc type of shock distributive 33% - 50%.
What are the three types of Septic, Anaphylactic, and Neurogenic.
distributive shock?
What causes hypovolemic Fluid or blood loss.
shock?
What are common causes of Myocardial Infarction (MI), Congestive Heart Failure (CHF),
cardiogenic shock? dysrhythmias, and valvular disease.
What is the primary cause of Conditions like cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax,
obstructive shock? and massive pulmonary embolism.
How is blood pressure (BP) BP = Cardiac Output (CO) x Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR).
calculated?
What factors determine stroke Preload, myocardial contractility, and afterload.
volume (SV)?
What components make up the The Pump (Heart), The Plasma (Blood), and The Pipes (Blood vessels).
3Ps of perfusion?
SVR is determined by what vessel length, blood viscosity, vessel diameter (tone)
What is the normal ejection 55-70%.
fraction (EF) range?
What is the function of They increase urine output to reduce circulatory volume when the
natriuretic peptides (NPs)? heart is stretched.
What is the Renin-Angiotensin- A cascade triggered by decreased blood flow to kidneys that
Aldosterone System (RAAS)? retains sodium and water to increase circulatory volume.
, What happens during It increases vascular resistance and pressure within the system.
vasoconstriction?
What is the significance of the It is calculated as HR/SBP; a value > 0.9 indicates increased
Shock Index (SI)? risk of mortality and need for intervention.
which receptor influences alpha 1
vascular tone
decreased
What characterizes cardiogenic CO
shock? increased
preload
increased
SVR
What are common signs of Marked decrease (SVR) due to massive vasodilation. warm
distributive shock? flush skin. lower DBP. wide pulse pressure
decrease
what are the values in preload
hypovolemic shock increased
SVR
decreased
CO
Which shock has a narrow hypovolemic shock
pulse pressure and whats the <25 is narrow
value?
fatigue, ALOC, hypotension, hypovolemic
tachy, pale cool diaphoretic,
dry mucous mems, poor skin
turgorm low JVP and narrow PP
are all signs of what shock?
What is the significance of lactic Elevated lactic acid indicates tissue hypoperfusion and metabolic
acid levels in shock? acidosis.
what is MCC of cardiogenic MI
shock
what are some other causes of MI, CHF, myocarditis, arrhythmias, valvular failure
cardiogenic shock
dyspnea, crackles, rales, cardiogenic shock
peripheral edema, ascites,
elevated JVP and new
murmurs signs of what type
of shock?
What pathologic states can Infection, sepsis, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.
decrease systemic vascular
resistance (SVR)?
A state of circulatory insufficiency that creates an imbalance
What is shock?
between tissue oxygen supply and demand, resulting in
end-organ dysfunction.
What are the four main Distributive, Hypovolemic, Cardiogenic, and Obstructive.
categories of shock?
What is the mc type of shock distributive 33% - 50%.
What are the three types of Septic, Anaphylactic, and Neurogenic.
distributive shock?
What causes hypovolemic Fluid or blood loss.
shock?
What are common causes of Myocardial Infarction (MI), Congestive Heart Failure (CHF),
cardiogenic shock? dysrhythmias, and valvular disease.
What is the primary cause of Conditions like cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax,
obstructive shock? and massive pulmonary embolism.
How is blood pressure (BP) BP = Cardiac Output (CO) x Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR).
calculated?
What factors determine stroke Preload, myocardial contractility, and afterload.
volume (SV)?
What components make up the The Pump (Heart), The Plasma (Blood), and The Pipes (Blood vessels).
3Ps of perfusion?
SVR is determined by what vessel length, blood viscosity, vessel diameter (tone)
What is the normal ejection 55-70%.
fraction (EF) range?
What is the function of They increase urine output to reduce circulatory volume when the
natriuretic peptides (NPs)? heart is stretched.
What is the Renin-Angiotensin- A cascade triggered by decreased blood flow to kidneys that
Aldosterone System (RAAS)? retains sodium and water to increase circulatory volume.
, What happens during It increases vascular resistance and pressure within the system.
vasoconstriction?
What is the significance of the It is calculated as HR/SBP; a value > 0.9 indicates increased
Shock Index (SI)? risk of mortality and need for intervention.
which receptor influences alpha 1
vascular tone
decreased
What characterizes cardiogenic CO
shock? increased
preload
increased
SVR
What are common signs of Marked decrease (SVR) due to massive vasodilation. warm
distributive shock? flush skin. lower DBP. wide pulse pressure
decrease
what are the values in preload
hypovolemic shock increased
SVR
decreased
CO
Which shock has a narrow hypovolemic shock
pulse pressure and whats the <25 is narrow
value?
fatigue, ALOC, hypotension, hypovolemic
tachy, pale cool diaphoretic,
dry mucous mems, poor skin
turgorm low JVP and narrow PP
are all signs of what shock?
What is the significance of lactic Elevated lactic acid indicates tissue hypoperfusion and metabolic
acid levels in shock? acidosis.
what is MCC of cardiogenic MI
shock
what are some other causes of MI, CHF, myocarditis, arrhythmias, valvular failure
cardiogenic shock
dyspnea, crackles, rales, cardiogenic shock
peripheral edema, ascites,
elevated JVP and new
murmurs signs of what type
of shock?
What pathologic states can Infection, sepsis, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.
decrease systemic vascular
resistance (SVR)?
