PSY 302 Final Questions And Answers Rated 100%

A psychologist is interested in comparing the demographics of grand jury members to demographics of the population to see if grand jury panels are really representative of the population. The first variable she examines is age. The percentage of people over 65 in the population is 25%, but out of 200 people empaneled for grand jury trials, 76 (38%) were aged 65 or more. She wants to know if the proportion of people over 65 on grand juries is significantly different than that proportion in the population. What test should she use? - ANS Chi-square goodness of fit test A researcher wants to compare males and females on smoking behavior. Smoking is measured as the number of cigarettes smoked each day. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? - ANS independent samples t-test A researcher believes that recall of verbal material differs with the level of processing. He divided his subjects into three groups. In the low processing group, participants read each word and were instructed to count the number of letters in the word. In the medium processing group, participants were asked to read each word and think of a word that rhymed. In the high processing group, participants were asked to read each word and think about something that happened to them that would relate to that word. Each group was allowed to read the list of 30 words three times, then they were asked to recall as many of the words on the list as possible. If the researcher wants to know whether the three groups have different amounts of recall, what type of statistical test should be used? - ANS One-way between-subjects ANOVA One-way ANOVA can be used to test hypotheses regarding the equality of the means of three or more groups. If after testing your data you found significant differences amongst your groups, you would use a post-hoc technique such as Tukey's test to determine which specific groups performed better than others. You are interested to know if the number of syllables influences memory for words. You get 12 subjects and ask them to memorize 50 words. Twenty-five of the words are one-syllable words, and 25 are three-syllable words. You find that subjects remember an average of 15 of the single-syllable words and 8 of the three-syllable words. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? - ANS paired-samples t-test A psychologist wants to investigate the relationship between stress and mental health during the first year of college. The researcher developed scales that measure 1) the frequency of stressful events, 2) the perceived importance of these events, 3) the desirability of such events, and 4) the impact of these events of the student. The researcher had 150 first year college students fill out this questionnaire as well as a Symptom Checklist, which is designed to assess the presence or absence of psychological disorders. What statistical procedure would help this researcher discover if psychological disorders can be predicted from the different aspects of stress that have been measured? - ANS Multiple regression Survey data suggest that college students spend an average of 30 hours per week studying, with a standard deviation of 4 hours. You wonder if student athletes study the same amount. You survey 25 athletes and find that they study 25 hours per week. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? - ANS one sample z-test Chime wanted to know if students' sleeping habits vary over the semester. She surveyed 100 students and asked them to keep track of how many hours of sleep they got per night during the first two weeks of school, the two weeks before break, the two weeks after break, and during the last two weeks of school. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? - ANS repeated measures ANOVA Which scenario could be analyzed using a factorial ANOVA? 1 Kai assesses whether experiencing life events is related to distress. 2 Bill tests whether males and females differ on a measure of emotional expressiveness. 3 Samantha examines the effect of anxiety on music performances during a student recital. 4 Kamal measures the impact of noise and task difficulty on a memory task. - ANS Kamal measures the impact of noise and task difficulty on a memory task. Principal Jones collects data on how students in her school performed on a standardized test that is measured on an interval scale. She wants to compare her school's performance to the mean of the rest of the schools in the state. She does not know the standard deviation of scores on this test for the state. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? - ANS one sample t-test A waiter wants to know whether it is true that leaving a small chocolate with the bill will increase tips and whether the chocolate has a different influence on men than it does on women. If the waiter asked me to design an experiment to test this, what type of statistical test will I be planning on performing? - ANS factorial ANOVA A political analyst is interested in how urban, suburban, and rural voters differ in exposure to political campaign ads. They measure the number of minutes per week spend watching public television. What test would they employ? - ANS one-way between subjects ANOVA A researcher is testing the effects of stress on people's moods. The experimental condition has 25 participants. The control condition has 31 participants. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? - ANS independent samples t-test A demographer hypothesized that men and women in a heterosexual relationship differentially support same-sex marriages. He randomly sampled 250 heterosexual couples and asked each wife and each husband to indicate their support for same-sex marriages on a 10-point scale. Which test should the demographer use? - ANS paired samples t-test A psychologist is interested in attitudes towards the disabled. She believes that contact with someone who is disabled might have an effect on peoples' attitudes. To test her hypothesis, she measured attitudes toward the disabled both before and after contact with an individual in a wheelchair. What type of statistical test should she use to determine if contact with a disabled person changes peoples' attitudes toward the disabled? - ANS Paired samples t-test A researcher wants to test the relationship between income, measured in dollars earned per year, and social connectedness, measured in the number of friends a person has. Which statistical test you would use to answer the research question and/or analyze the data described? - ANS correlation Eta squared for factor A tell us the 1 proportion of variance in the outcome variable that is explained by factor A. 2 correlation between factor A and the outcome variable 3 effect of factor A on factor B 4 covariance between factor A and the outcome variable - ANS proportion of variance in the outcome variable that is explained by factor A. Bonferroni, Holm, Tukey are all examples of 1 inference tests 2 statistical distribution 3 corrections for multiple comparisons 4 ANOVA terminology for variability - ANS corrections for multiple comparisons One-way, repeated measures ANOVA is an extension of _________ - ANS paired t-test When p-value is _________, we will retain the _________ hypothesis. 1 above 0.05; alternative 2 below 0.05; null 3 above 0.05; null 4 below 0.05; alternative - ANS above 0.05; null The most commonly used measure of effect size for independent samples t-test is 1 p-value 2 Cohen's d 3 t-value 4 eta squared - ANS Cohen's d