PSY 302 Exam 3 Questions And Answers

A researcher designs a correlational study using college freshmen to examine the relationship between final exam grade and hours of sleep the night before the exam. Which variables would be measured as part of this study design? - ANS final exam grade and hours of sleep Which variable would be considered a construct? - ANS empathy In which type of research would correlation analysis not be used? - ANS an experiment Which of the following variables are measured in correlational research? - ANS predictor and outcome variables Which method would be most appropriate for measuring helping behaviors? - ANS observe participant behavior in various situations Which of these variables is a construct? - ANS depression Which of these variables can be measured directly? - ANS visual acuity Determining what variable or variables approximate a construct is called - ANS operationalizing Which of the following statements regarding constructs is false? - ANS Constructs can only be operationalized in one way. A researcher wishes to study how well new immigrants adapt to the culture of their new country. To do this, she records how frequently members smile at strangers, whether members adopt new words, phrases, or slang, or how much time members spend socializing with people outside their home culture. What the researcher is doing is best described as _______ a construct. - ANS estimating Which of the following would be the best way to measure the physiological state of anger? - ANS Measures of brain patterns, blood pressure, and heart rate as correlates of anger Which of the following types of data would be best gathered through self-report measures? - ANS feelings, beliefs, or opinions A researcher developed an operational definition to measure the construct of athleticism among track and field athletes by assessing resting heart rate before an event, best distance in the shot put, and records for the last three track meets. Which aspect of construct validity may the researcher be attempting to address? - ANS content validity In order to measure the construct of life satisfaction, a researcher designs a questionnaire with 75 true/false questions. To thoroughly measure the construct, many questions ask about similar things in different ways. If participants found the questions repetitive and became bored during testing, they might not respond to each question accurately. This indicates a problem with the ______. - ANS procedure of using many repetitive questions A researcher operationally defined "healthy eating" as consuming at least five servings of fruits and vegetables in a day. If experts in nutrition agree that this is an appropriate measure for the construct of healthy eating, this measure would have - ANS strong face validity A researcher finds a strong correlation between participants' scores on the Big Five personality test and their social media use. This would indicate - ANS high predictive validity If high levels of the personality trait neuroticism are associated with more fights with friends and family in the week when the personality questionnaire was completed, the construct of neuroticism would have high _____ validity. - ANS concurrent A researcher is developing a measure for a construct and wishes to assess its relationship with another, distinct construct. What type of validity test should the researcher conduct? - ANS discriminant validity Which of the following aspects of construct validity is not measured in an objective manner? - ANS face validity A grade school teacher administers a math placement test to her 6th grade class to help place students in the appropriate math class when they enter middle school. If this test is an accurate tool for placing students in the appropriate math class for the next year, then this exam has what kind of validity? - ANS predictive validity Imagine that a new test is designed to measure emotional intelligence. The test provides consistent results when participants take it multiple times over a 6-month period. However, experts have questioned whether all the aspects of emotional intelligence are included in the test. This test has ______. - ANS high reliability, low validity Which of the following would not be possible? - ANS A test that has high validity but low reliability A reliable measure... - ANS produces similar results every time it is used. As a practical joke, your roommate changes the adjustment every morning on the bathroom scales. Although you do not know this, it is randomly higher or lower than it should be. How would you characterize this scale? - ANS Low reliability and low validity Which of these conditions are required for a construct to be useful in research? - ANS High reliability and high construct validity To measure self-control, a researcher observes participants as they attempt to solve a difficult spatial puzzle. He records any distracted activities on the part of the participants, such as checking a cell phone or looking around the room. These are measurements of participant ______. - ANS behavior Which of the following is not a challenge to maintaining construct validity with observational measures? - ANS obtaining direct measurements of participants' behavior or ability. To measure automaticity in reading, Stroop presented congruent or incongruent word-color pairs (e.g., the word red printed in green lettering) to novice and expert readers and measured both the number of correct and incorrect responses by participants and the reaction times for all responses. These are measurements of participants' ______. - ANS performance Dr. Rivas visited a daycare center to observe sharing behaviors between 3-year-old children when a novel toy is introduced. The daycare teachers noted that the children were behaving differently than normal when Dr. Rivas was conducting the observation. This would be an example of ______. - ANS reactivity effects A researcher is investigating non-verbal cueing among professional poker players at a tournament. She wishes to use a method that records performance rather than behavior as her observational data. Which method might she consider? - ANS Is the time to make a decision related to the quality of a player's hand? To help prevent the observer-expectancy effect, a researcher could ______. - ANS conduct a double-blind study A researcher wanted to observe student participation during a typical class, but was concerned the students might behave differently if they noticed her presence. She decided to attend class for 10 days before collecting any data so as to habituate students to her presence and avoid ______. - ANS the hawthorne effect