PCB 3703 - Exam 2 Questions And Answers.
What does ANS innervate? - answer;-visceral organs (smooth muscle), glands, blood
vessels
Where are sympathetic ganglia? - answer;-Near spinal cord;
para/prevertebral
Where are parasympathetic ganglia? - answer;-On, near, in affector organs
Which ANS is active when we are active? What is its origin? - answer;-Sympathetic;
Thoracolumbar (T1 - L2/3)
Which ANS is active when we relax? What is its origin? - answer;-parasympathetic;
Craniosacral (brain stem; S2-4)
What effects does sympathetic lead to? - answer;-increased HR; Constriction of BV
(except skeletal muscle BV); increased BP; Dilation of pupils; Closure of sphincters; hair
stands; sweating
What effects does parasympathetic lead to? - answer;-decreased HR; pupil constriction;
increased GI motility; increased glandular activity; sphincters open; contraction of
bladder wall
Explain adrenal medulla - answer;-specialized ganglion of SNS;
pregang. synapse on chromaffin cells in A.M.;
secretes epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%) in circulation
Pheochromocytoma - answer;-tumor of adrenal medulla;
secretes excessive catecholamines;
increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) in urine
Which cranial nerves make up the parasympathetic origin? - answer;-III, VII, IX, X
What neurotransmitter stimulate post-ganglionic fibers of SNS; ParaSNS? - answer;-
Ach
Which cranial nerve has 3 nuclei? - answer;-Vagus
What are adrenergic receptors? (system & receptor types) - answer;-receptors of
sympathetic system;
alpha, beta, & dopamine receptors (2 of each)
, PCB 3703 - Exam 2 Questions And Answers.
What are the two cholinergic receptors & what is their difference? - answer;-nicotinic -
first Ach receptor in one transmission line
muscarinic - "found mostly in heart"; final Ach receptor on effector organ (except
adrenal medulla)
Adrenergic receptors Neurotransmitter? - answer;-norepinephrine
Cholinergic receptors Neurotransmitter? - answer;-Ach
What are peptidergic neurons? - answer;-in ParasympatheticNS;
release peptides such as vasoactive inhibitory peptide & substance P
Where are alpha-1 receptors located? - answer;-vasc. sm. muscle of skin & GI;
sphincters; radial muscle of eyes
alpha-1 fx? - answer;-excitation (contraction / constriction)
alpha - 1 mechanism? - answer;-GProtein alpha-s....phospholipase C.... formation of
IP3 & increase in Ca2+
What is alpha - 1's sensitivity to epinephrine & norepinephrine? - answer;-equal
sensitive; only NE from neurons in present in high enough concentration to activate
alpha - 2 location? - answer;-pre-synaptic nerve terminals; platelets; fat cells; WALLS of
GI
alpha - 2 fx? - answer;-inhibition (dilation / relaxation)
alpha - 2 mechanism? - answer;-Gprotein inhibitory.... inhibits adenylate cyclase....
decrease in cAMP
beta - 1 location? - answer;-heart (SA/AV/ventricular muscle)
beta - 1 fx? - answer;-excitation (increase HR, conduction V, contractility)
beta - 1 mechanism? - answer;-activation of Gprotein alpha - s.... activate adenylate
cyclase.... increase in cAMP
beta - 1 sensitivity to catecholamines? - answer;-sensitive to both;
more sensitive than alpha 1
, PCB 3703 - Exam 2 Questions And Answers.
beta - 2 location? - answer;-vasc sm muscle of skeletal muscle; bronchial sm muscle;
walls of GI tract / bladder
beta - 2 fx? - answer;-relaxation (dilation of muscles / walls)
beta - 2 mechanism? - answer;-activation of Gprotein alpha - s.... activates adenylate
cyclase; increase cAMP
beta - 2 sensitivity to catecholamines? - answer;-more sensitive to epinephrine than
norepinephrine
Nicotinic receptors location? - answer;-autonomic ganglia; neuromuscular jx; adrenal
medulla
Which NT activates nicotinic receptors? - answer;-Ach or nicotine
Fx of nicotinic receptors? - answer;-excitation
Mechanism of nicotinic receptors? - answer;-Ach binds to alpha unit on receptor, which
opens ion channels for Na & K
Explain blocking nicotinic receptors - answer;-blocked by ganglionic blockers in
Autonomic ganglia but not a neuromuscular jx
Muscarinic receptor location? - answer;-heart, sm muscle, glands
Fx of muscarinic receptors? - answer;-inhibitory in heart;
excitatory in smooth muscle & glands (think GI)
Which NT activates muscarinic receptors? - answer;-Ach & muscarine
What blocks muscarinic receptors? - answer;-atropine
Mechanism of muscarinic receptors - answer;-Heart SA: inhibits adenylate
cyclase....opening of K channels....slows depolarization potential (lower HR);
Sm muscle; glands: formation of IP3 & increase in Ca2+
Where is the origin in the spinal cord of the ANS? - answer;-Lateral horn
What does ANS innervate? - answer;-visceral organs (smooth muscle), glands, blood
vessels
Where are sympathetic ganglia? - answer;-Near spinal cord;
para/prevertebral
Where are parasympathetic ganglia? - answer;-On, near, in affector organs
Which ANS is active when we are active? What is its origin? - answer;-Sympathetic;
Thoracolumbar (T1 - L2/3)
Which ANS is active when we relax? What is its origin? - answer;-parasympathetic;
Craniosacral (brain stem; S2-4)
What effects does sympathetic lead to? - answer;-increased HR; Constriction of BV
(except skeletal muscle BV); increased BP; Dilation of pupils; Closure of sphincters; hair
stands; sweating
What effects does parasympathetic lead to? - answer;-decreased HR; pupil constriction;
increased GI motility; increased glandular activity; sphincters open; contraction of
bladder wall
Explain adrenal medulla - answer;-specialized ganglion of SNS;
pregang. synapse on chromaffin cells in A.M.;
secretes epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%) in circulation
Pheochromocytoma - answer;-tumor of adrenal medulla;
secretes excessive catecholamines;
increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) in urine
Which cranial nerves make up the parasympathetic origin? - answer;-III, VII, IX, X
What neurotransmitter stimulate post-ganglionic fibers of SNS; ParaSNS? - answer;-
Ach
Which cranial nerve has 3 nuclei? - answer;-Vagus
What are adrenergic receptors? (system & receptor types) - answer;-receptors of
sympathetic system;
alpha, beta, & dopamine receptors (2 of each)
, PCB 3703 - Exam 2 Questions And Answers.
What are the two cholinergic receptors & what is their difference? - answer;-nicotinic -
first Ach receptor in one transmission line
muscarinic - "found mostly in heart"; final Ach receptor on effector organ (except
adrenal medulla)
Adrenergic receptors Neurotransmitter? - answer;-norepinephrine
Cholinergic receptors Neurotransmitter? - answer;-Ach
What are peptidergic neurons? - answer;-in ParasympatheticNS;
release peptides such as vasoactive inhibitory peptide & substance P
Where are alpha-1 receptors located? - answer;-vasc. sm. muscle of skin & GI;
sphincters; radial muscle of eyes
alpha-1 fx? - answer;-excitation (contraction / constriction)
alpha - 1 mechanism? - answer;-GProtein alpha-s....phospholipase C.... formation of
IP3 & increase in Ca2+
What is alpha - 1's sensitivity to epinephrine & norepinephrine? - answer;-equal
sensitive; only NE from neurons in present in high enough concentration to activate
alpha - 2 location? - answer;-pre-synaptic nerve terminals; platelets; fat cells; WALLS of
GI
alpha - 2 fx? - answer;-inhibition (dilation / relaxation)
alpha - 2 mechanism? - answer;-Gprotein inhibitory.... inhibits adenylate cyclase....
decrease in cAMP
beta - 1 location? - answer;-heart (SA/AV/ventricular muscle)
beta - 1 fx? - answer;-excitation (increase HR, conduction V, contractility)
beta - 1 mechanism? - answer;-activation of Gprotein alpha - s.... activate adenylate
cyclase.... increase in cAMP
beta - 1 sensitivity to catecholamines? - answer;-sensitive to both;
more sensitive than alpha 1
, PCB 3703 - Exam 2 Questions And Answers.
beta - 2 location? - answer;-vasc sm muscle of skeletal muscle; bronchial sm muscle;
walls of GI tract / bladder
beta - 2 fx? - answer;-relaxation (dilation of muscles / walls)
beta - 2 mechanism? - answer;-activation of Gprotein alpha - s.... activates adenylate
cyclase; increase cAMP
beta - 2 sensitivity to catecholamines? - answer;-more sensitive to epinephrine than
norepinephrine
Nicotinic receptors location? - answer;-autonomic ganglia; neuromuscular jx; adrenal
medulla
Which NT activates nicotinic receptors? - answer;-Ach or nicotine
Fx of nicotinic receptors? - answer;-excitation
Mechanism of nicotinic receptors? - answer;-Ach binds to alpha unit on receptor, which
opens ion channels for Na & K
Explain blocking nicotinic receptors - answer;-blocked by ganglionic blockers in
Autonomic ganglia but not a neuromuscular jx
Muscarinic receptor location? - answer;-heart, sm muscle, glands
Fx of muscarinic receptors? - answer;-inhibitory in heart;
excitatory in smooth muscle & glands (think GI)
Which NT activates muscarinic receptors? - answer;-Ach & muscarine
What blocks muscarinic receptors? - answer;-atropine
Mechanism of muscarinic receptors - answer;-Heart SA: inhibits adenylate
cyclase....opening of K channels....slows depolarization potential (lower HR);
Sm muscle; glands: formation of IP3 & increase in Ca2+
Where is the origin in the spinal cord of the ANS? - answer;-Lateral horn
