Emergency Medicine EOR Exam Latest
2025/2026 Questions and Correct Answers
Graded A+
What is the agent of choice for BP lowering for patients with hypertensive
encephalopathy, intracranial bleeding, and heart failure? Use with what for
dissecting aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWER-nitroprusside; propranolol --
clonidine can also be used but sedation is common
,Others? - CORRECT ANSWER-alcohol; may also be idiopathic, myocarditis, or
drugs (doxorubicin) -- 1 in 3 cases of heart failure are caused by dilated
cardiomyopathy
What PE and EKG changes are seen with dilated cardiomyopathy? - CORRECT
ANSWER-PE: S3, JVD, crackles - possible mitral regurg
EKG: nonspecific ST and T wave changes, LBBB
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: is due to hypertrophy of the _____. PE reveals
mitral regurgitation, a ____heart sound, and prominent left ventricular impulse.
EKG reveals LVH - CORRECT ANSWER-cardiac septum; S4
Restrictive cardiomyopathy: often caused by a ____process, or post-radiation or
post open-heart surgery. What is the most common first symptom? - CORRECT
ANSWER---infiltrative process - amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, and hemochromatosis -
- changes in myocardium
--most common first symptom is exertion intolerance and fluid retention, signs of
right heart failure
Atrial fibrillation - regularly irregular - the most common sustained arrhythmia in
adults - what three treatments are used? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. rate control
w BB, CCB, or digoxin
2. Anticoagulation w heparin & warfarin
3. rhythm control w amiodarone or cardioversion
Atrial flutter - sawtooth pattern in II, III, aVF - what three treatments are used? -
CORRECT ANSWER-1. cardioversion if no contraindications
,2. acute rate control tx w BB, CCB - amiodarone, sotalol, quinidine, or
procainamide
3. If site of reentrant is known, catheter ablation
Multifocal atrial tachycardia - noted in patients with COPD or severe systemic
illness - EKG shows multiple shaped P waves and differing PR intervals. ____are
agents of choice? - CORRECT ANSWER-CCB
BLOCKS
1. ____=prolonged PR interval
2.____=progressive increase in PR until Pwave is blocked.
3._____=sudden block in P wave w no change in PR
4._____=atrial and ventricular rhythm are independent of each other. -
CORRECT ANSWER-First degree; Wenckebach Mobitz type I; Mobitz type II,
Third degree block
A _____may develop after acute MI, PE, aortic stenosis and is due to a conduction
delay in the right or left bundles. - CORRECT ANSWER-Bundle branch block
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is a reentry tachycardia, commonly
noted in elderly patients with underlying heart disease. What treatment may be
helpful before using adenosine ie. the drug of choice? - CORRECT ANSWER-
vagal maneuvers or antianxiety medication
What are some drugs associated with Torsades de pointes? - CORRECT
ANSWER-tricyclic antidepressants, erythromycin, ketoconazole, haloperidol,
cisapride, disopyramide, pentamidine, sotalol, class I anti-arrhythmics
, CHF - Systolic dysfunction means a problem with the ____. What drug is
contraindicated? - CORRECT ANSWER-pump; CCB!
CHF - Diastolic dysfunction means a problem with the ____. - CORRECT
ANSWER-compliance or relaxation of the heart during ventricular filling
The ________principle means that as preload increases, the ventricle is stretched
during diastole filling and the ejection fraction is increased. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Frank-Starling principle
_____is released from cardiac ventricles in response to increased wall tension. -
CORRECT ANSWER-BNP - B-type natriuretic peptide
What is the pharmacologic therapy for heart failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-1.
diuretics for fluid retention
2. ACEi
3. vasodilators (hydralazine & nitrates)
4. BB for LV dysfunction
5. digitalis to increase cardiac contractility
Functional Classification of Heart Failure:
___-No cardiac symptoms with ordinary activity.
___-Cardiac symptoms w MARKED activity but asymptomatic at rest
___-Cardiac symptoms w MILD activity but asymptomatic at rest
___-Cardiac symptoms at rest. - CORRECT ANSWER-Class I, Class II, Class III,
Class IV
2025/2026 Questions and Correct Answers
Graded A+
What is the agent of choice for BP lowering for patients with hypertensive
encephalopathy, intracranial bleeding, and heart failure? Use with what for
dissecting aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWER-nitroprusside; propranolol --
clonidine can also be used but sedation is common
,Others? - CORRECT ANSWER-alcohol; may also be idiopathic, myocarditis, or
drugs (doxorubicin) -- 1 in 3 cases of heart failure are caused by dilated
cardiomyopathy
What PE and EKG changes are seen with dilated cardiomyopathy? - CORRECT
ANSWER-PE: S3, JVD, crackles - possible mitral regurg
EKG: nonspecific ST and T wave changes, LBBB
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: is due to hypertrophy of the _____. PE reveals
mitral regurgitation, a ____heart sound, and prominent left ventricular impulse.
EKG reveals LVH - CORRECT ANSWER-cardiac septum; S4
Restrictive cardiomyopathy: often caused by a ____process, or post-radiation or
post open-heart surgery. What is the most common first symptom? - CORRECT
ANSWER---infiltrative process - amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, and hemochromatosis -
- changes in myocardium
--most common first symptom is exertion intolerance and fluid retention, signs of
right heart failure
Atrial fibrillation - regularly irregular - the most common sustained arrhythmia in
adults - what three treatments are used? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. rate control
w BB, CCB, or digoxin
2. Anticoagulation w heparin & warfarin
3. rhythm control w amiodarone or cardioversion
Atrial flutter - sawtooth pattern in II, III, aVF - what three treatments are used? -
CORRECT ANSWER-1. cardioversion if no contraindications
,2. acute rate control tx w BB, CCB - amiodarone, sotalol, quinidine, or
procainamide
3. If site of reentrant is known, catheter ablation
Multifocal atrial tachycardia - noted in patients with COPD or severe systemic
illness - EKG shows multiple shaped P waves and differing PR intervals. ____are
agents of choice? - CORRECT ANSWER-CCB
BLOCKS
1. ____=prolonged PR interval
2.____=progressive increase in PR until Pwave is blocked.
3._____=sudden block in P wave w no change in PR
4._____=atrial and ventricular rhythm are independent of each other. -
CORRECT ANSWER-First degree; Wenckebach Mobitz type I; Mobitz type II,
Third degree block
A _____may develop after acute MI, PE, aortic stenosis and is due to a conduction
delay in the right or left bundles. - CORRECT ANSWER-Bundle branch block
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is a reentry tachycardia, commonly
noted in elderly patients with underlying heart disease. What treatment may be
helpful before using adenosine ie. the drug of choice? - CORRECT ANSWER-
vagal maneuvers or antianxiety medication
What are some drugs associated with Torsades de pointes? - CORRECT
ANSWER-tricyclic antidepressants, erythromycin, ketoconazole, haloperidol,
cisapride, disopyramide, pentamidine, sotalol, class I anti-arrhythmics
, CHF - Systolic dysfunction means a problem with the ____. What drug is
contraindicated? - CORRECT ANSWER-pump; CCB!
CHF - Diastolic dysfunction means a problem with the ____. - CORRECT
ANSWER-compliance or relaxation of the heart during ventricular filling
The ________principle means that as preload increases, the ventricle is stretched
during diastole filling and the ejection fraction is increased. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Frank-Starling principle
_____is released from cardiac ventricles in response to increased wall tension. -
CORRECT ANSWER-BNP - B-type natriuretic peptide
What is the pharmacologic therapy for heart failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-1.
diuretics for fluid retention
2. ACEi
3. vasodilators (hydralazine & nitrates)
4. BB for LV dysfunction
5. digitalis to increase cardiac contractility
Functional Classification of Heart Failure:
___-No cardiac symptoms with ordinary activity.
___-Cardiac symptoms w MARKED activity but asymptomatic at rest
___-Cardiac symptoms w MILD activity but asymptomatic at rest
___-Cardiac symptoms at rest. - CORRECT ANSWER-Class I, Class II, Class III,
Class IV
