Penn Foster Pharmacology exam questions
with complete solutions
Adverse |drug |event |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-harm |to |a |patient |caused |by |a |therapeutic |or |
preventive |intervention. |It |could |be |due |to |a |medication |error |or |adverse |drug |reaction
Adverse |drug |reaction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |undesirable |response |to |a |drug |by |a |
patient. |It |may |vary |in |severity |from |mild |to |fatal
Agonist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |drug |that |brings |about |a |specific |action |by |binding |with |the
|appropriate |receptor
antagonist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |drug |that |inhibits |a |specific |action |by |binding |with |a |
particular |receptor
compounding |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-any |medication |preformed |to |produce |a |dosage-form |
drug, |other |than |the |manipulation |described |in |the |directions |for |use |on |the |labeling |of |an |
approved |drug |product
drug |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |substance |used |to |diagnose, |prevent, |or |treat |disease
efficacy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |extent |to |which |a |drug |causes |the |intended |effects |in |a |
patient
extralabel |use |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |use |of |a |drug |that |is |not |specifically |listed |on |the |
US |Food |and |Drug |Administration |approved |label
,half-life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |amount |of |time |that |it |takes |for |the |quantity |of |a |drug |in
|the |body |to |be |reduced |by |50%
manufacturing |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |bulk |production |of |drugs |for |resale |outside |of |the |
veterinarian-client-patient |relationship
metabolism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |biochemical |process |that |alters |a |drug |from |an |active
|form |to |a |form |that |is |inactive |or |that |can |be |eliminated |from |the |body
parenteral |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |route |of |administration |of |injectable |drugs
partition |coefficient |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |ration |of |the |solubility |of |substances |
between |two |states |in |which |they |may |be |found
prescription |(legend) |drug |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |drug |that |is |limited |to |use |under |the |
supervision |of |a |veterinarian |because |of |potential |danger, |difficulty |of |administration, |or |other
|considerations
regimen |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |program |for |administration |of |a |drug |that |includes |the |
route, |the |dose, |the |frequency, |and |the |duration |of |administration
residue |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |amount |of |a |drug |still |present |in |animal |tissue |or |products
|at |a |particular |point
veterinarian-client-patient |relationship |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |set |of |circumstances |that |
must |exist |between |the |veterinarian, |the |client, |and |the |patient |before |the |dispensing |of |
prescription |drugs |is |appropriate
withdrawal |time |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |length |of |time |it |takes |for |a |drug |to |be |
eliminated |from |animal |tissue |or |products |after |it |is |no |longer |used
,indications |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |reasons |for |using |drugs
contraindications |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-reasons |for |not |using |drugs
pharmacokinetics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-plasma |or |tissue |levels |of |a |drug |are |altered |by |the |
presence |of |another
pharmacodynamics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |action |or |effect |of |one |drug |is |altered |by |
another
list |common |sources |of |drugs |used |in |veterinary |medicine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-plants, |
materials, |animals, |laboratories
diagnostic |method |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-involves |assessment |of |a |patient, |including |a |
history, |physical |examination, |laboratory |test, |and |other |diagnostic |procedures |to |arrive |at |a |
specific |diagnosis
empirical |method |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-calls |on |the |use |of |practical |experience |and |
common |sense |when |the |drug |choice |is |made
for |veterinarian-client-patient |relationship |to |occur |conditions |must |be |met |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-the |vet |has |assumed |responsibility |for |making |clinical |judgments |about |the |
health |of |the |animal |and |the |need |for |treatment, |and |the |client |has |agreed |to |follow |the |vet's
|instructions; |the |vet |has |sufficient |knowledge |of |the |animal |to |issue |a |diagnosis, |the |vet |must |
have |seen |the |animal |recently; |the |vet |must |be |available |for |follow |up |evaluation
technician |important |responsibilities |in |caring |out |written |orders |to |administer |drugs |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-correct |drug, |correct |route, |correct |time, |observing |animal's |response |
to |the |drug, |questioning |any |medication |orders |that |are |not |clear, |creating |and |affixing |labels |
, to |medication |containers |accurately, |expaining |administration |instructions |to |clients, |recording |
appropriate |information |in |the |record
over |the |counter |drugs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-drugs |that |do |not |have |enough |potential |to |
be |toxic |or |that |do |not |require |administration |in |special |ways |that |do |not |require |the |
supervision |of |a |vet
describe |the |events |that |occur |after |a |drug |is |administered |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-it |is |
available |for |absorption |into |the |bloodstream |where |the |drug |may |bind |with |plasma |protein |
or |stay |in |the |free |state. |The |blood |then |distributes |it |to |the |capillary |level |where |the |drug |
goes |into |the |interstitial |fluid. |the |interstitial |fluid |coats |the |cell |or |binds |with |surface |
receptors. |The |drug |then |exits |the |cell |and |moves |back |to |the |interstitial |fluid |where |it |
reenters |circulation |and |is |metabolized |in |the |liver |and |sent |to |the |kidneys |to |be |excreted
List |and |describe |the |routes |used |for |administration |of |drugs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
intravenous |(IV)- |IV |produces |most |rapid |onset |accompanied |by |the |shortest |duration
Intramuscular |(IM)- |IM |produces |slower |onset |of |action |but |longer |duration |of |action
Subcutaneous |(SC)- |SQ |produces |slower |onset |of |action |but |slightly |longer |duration |than |IM
Intradermal |(ID)- |primarily |for |testing |for |tuberculosis |and |allergies
Intraperitoneal |(IP) |-> |abdominal |cavity; |used |to |administer |fluids, |blood, |and |other |
medications |when |normal |routes |are |not |available
Intaarterial |(IA) |-> |artery; |seldom |used
Intraarticular |-> |joint; |used |primarily |to |treat |inflammatory |conditions |of |the |joint
Intacardiac |-> |chest |wall |directly |into |chambers |of |heart- |provides |immediate |access |to |the |
bloodstream |and |ensures |that |the |drug |is |delivered |quickly |to |all |tissues
Intramedullary |-> |directly |into |bone |marrow; |bones |most |used |are |femur |and |humerus; |used |
to |provide |blood |or |fluids |to |animals |with |very |small |or |damaged |veins |or |for |treatment |of |
animals |with |very |low |blood |pressure
Epidural/subdural |-> |epidural: |outside |the |dura |mater |but |inside |the |spinal |canal |
Subdural-> |inside |the |dura |mater |(also |called |intrathecal |route)
with complete solutions
Adverse |drug |event |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-harm |to |a |patient |caused |by |a |therapeutic |or |
preventive |intervention. |It |could |be |due |to |a |medication |error |or |adverse |drug |reaction
Adverse |drug |reaction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |undesirable |response |to |a |drug |by |a |
patient. |It |may |vary |in |severity |from |mild |to |fatal
Agonist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |drug |that |brings |about |a |specific |action |by |binding |with |the
|appropriate |receptor
antagonist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |drug |that |inhibits |a |specific |action |by |binding |with |a |
particular |receptor
compounding |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-any |medication |preformed |to |produce |a |dosage-form |
drug, |other |than |the |manipulation |described |in |the |directions |for |use |on |the |labeling |of |an |
approved |drug |product
drug |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |substance |used |to |diagnose, |prevent, |or |treat |disease
efficacy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |extent |to |which |a |drug |causes |the |intended |effects |in |a |
patient
extralabel |use |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |use |of |a |drug |that |is |not |specifically |listed |on |the |
US |Food |and |Drug |Administration |approved |label
,half-life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |amount |of |time |that |it |takes |for |the |quantity |of |a |drug |in
|the |body |to |be |reduced |by |50%
manufacturing |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |bulk |production |of |drugs |for |resale |outside |of |the |
veterinarian-client-patient |relationship
metabolism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |biochemical |process |that |alters |a |drug |from |an |active
|form |to |a |form |that |is |inactive |or |that |can |be |eliminated |from |the |body
parenteral |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |route |of |administration |of |injectable |drugs
partition |coefficient |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |ration |of |the |solubility |of |substances |
between |two |states |in |which |they |may |be |found
prescription |(legend) |drug |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |drug |that |is |limited |to |use |under |the |
supervision |of |a |veterinarian |because |of |potential |danger, |difficulty |of |administration, |or |other
|considerations
regimen |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |program |for |administration |of |a |drug |that |includes |the |
route, |the |dose, |the |frequency, |and |the |duration |of |administration
residue |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |amount |of |a |drug |still |present |in |animal |tissue |or |products
|at |a |particular |point
veterinarian-client-patient |relationship |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |set |of |circumstances |that |
must |exist |between |the |veterinarian, |the |client, |and |the |patient |before |the |dispensing |of |
prescription |drugs |is |appropriate
withdrawal |time |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |length |of |time |it |takes |for |a |drug |to |be |
eliminated |from |animal |tissue |or |products |after |it |is |no |longer |used
,indications |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |reasons |for |using |drugs
contraindications |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-reasons |for |not |using |drugs
pharmacokinetics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-plasma |or |tissue |levels |of |a |drug |are |altered |by |the |
presence |of |another
pharmacodynamics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |action |or |effect |of |one |drug |is |altered |by |
another
list |common |sources |of |drugs |used |in |veterinary |medicine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-plants, |
materials, |animals, |laboratories
diagnostic |method |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-involves |assessment |of |a |patient, |including |a |
history, |physical |examination, |laboratory |test, |and |other |diagnostic |procedures |to |arrive |at |a |
specific |diagnosis
empirical |method |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-calls |on |the |use |of |practical |experience |and |
common |sense |when |the |drug |choice |is |made
for |veterinarian-client-patient |relationship |to |occur |conditions |must |be |met |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-the |vet |has |assumed |responsibility |for |making |clinical |judgments |about |the |
health |of |the |animal |and |the |need |for |treatment, |and |the |client |has |agreed |to |follow |the |vet's
|instructions; |the |vet |has |sufficient |knowledge |of |the |animal |to |issue |a |diagnosis, |the |vet |must |
have |seen |the |animal |recently; |the |vet |must |be |available |for |follow |up |evaluation
technician |important |responsibilities |in |caring |out |written |orders |to |administer |drugs |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-correct |drug, |correct |route, |correct |time, |observing |animal's |response |
to |the |drug, |questioning |any |medication |orders |that |are |not |clear, |creating |and |affixing |labels |
, to |medication |containers |accurately, |expaining |administration |instructions |to |clients, |recording |
appropriate |information |in |the |record
over |the |counter |drugs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-drugs |that |do |not |have |enough |potential |to |
be |toxic |or |that |do |not |require |administration |in |special |ways |that |do |not |require |the |
supervision |of |a |vet
describe |the |events |that |occur |after |a |drug |is |administered |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-it |is |
available |for |absorption |into |the |bloodstream |where |the |drug |may |bind |with |plasma |protein |
or |stay |in |the |free |state. |The |blood |then |distributes |it |to |the |capillary |level |where |the |drug |
goes |into |the |interstitial |fluid. |the |interstitial |fluid |coats |the |cell |or |binds |with |surface |
receptors. |The |drug |then |exits |the |cell |and |moves |back |to |the |interstitial |fluid |where |it |
reenters |circulation |and |is |metabolized |in |the |liver |and |sent |to |the |kidneys |to |be |excreted
List |and |describe |the |routes |used |for |administration |of |drugs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
intravenous |(IV)- |IV |produces |most |rapid |onset |accompanied |by |the |shortest |duration
Intramuscular |(IM)- |IM |produces |slower |onset |of |action |but |longer |duration |of |action
Subcutaneous |(SC)- |SQ |produces |slower |onset |of |action |but |slightly |longer |duration |than |IM
Intradermal |(ID)- |primarily |for |testing |for |tuberculosis |and |allergies
Intraperitoneal |(IP) |-> |abdominal |cavity; |used |to |administer |fluids, |blood, |and |other |
medications |when |normal |routes |are |not |available
Intaarterial |(IA) |-> |artery; |seldom |used
Intraarticular |-> |joint; |used |primarily |to |treat |inflammatory |conditions |of |the |joint
Intacardiac |-> |chest |wall |directly |into |chambers |of |heart- |provides |immediate |access |to |the |
bloodstream |and |ensures |that |the |drug |is |delivered |quickly |to |all |tissues
Intramedullary |-> |directly |into |bone |marrow; |bones |most |used |are |femur |and |humerus; |used |
to |provide |blood |or |fluids |to |animals |with |very |small |or |damaged |veins |or |for |treatment |of |
animals |with |very |low |blood |pressure
Epidural/subdural |-> |epidural: |outside |the |dura |mater |but |inside |the |spinal |canal |
Subdural-> |inside |the |dura |mater |(also |called |intrathecal |route)
