ANZCA Primary Viva questions with accurate detailed ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
solutions
Equipment: Ultrasound - correct answer✔✔A mechanical wave of a frequency outside of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
human hearing ||\\//||
Equipment: Ultrasonography - correct answer✔✔Diagnostic medical imaging using ultrasound
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
at frequency 2-15Mhz
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Equipment: Frequency - correct answer✔✔Number of waves per second||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Equipment: Wavelength - correct answer✔✔Distance over which a wave repeats itself
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Equipment: Amplitude - correct answer✔✔The height of the wave ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Equipment: Eutectic temperature - correct answer✔✔Lowest possible melting point over all
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
of the mixing ratios for the involved components species
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Respiratory: Functions of the nose - correct answer✔✔1. Conduit for air
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Conditioning of air (filtration, humidification, warming)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Smell ||\\//||
4. Auto PEEP
||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmacology: Antispetic skin preparation, types - correct answer✔✔1. Alcohol: quick onset, ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
flammable
-Ethyl alcohol ||\\//||
,-Isopropyl alcohol ||\\//||
2. Chlorhexidine: quick onset, flammable, long duration, hypersensitivity
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Iodine: pure vs iodophor (increased solubility and carrier/reservoir), quick onset
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Obstetrics: Pregnancy CVS changes - correct answer✔✔1. Hemodynamic: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-HR 20% increase||\\//|| ||\\//||
-SV 40% increase
||\\//|| ||\\//||
-CO 50% increase||\\//|| ||\\//||
-TPR 30% decrease ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Mechanical:
||\\//||
-Aortocaval compression ||\\//||
-Displacement of heart ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Volume:
||\\//||
-RBC 20% increase ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-Plasma 50% increase ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-Blood 40% increase ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Neonatology: Amniotic fluid, formation and functions - correct answer✔✔1. Production: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ultrafiltrate of fetal plasma/fetal urine ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Absorption: swallowed and absorbed by gut
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Approximately 1L at 34 weeks
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Functions: mechanical protection, buoyancy, space to grow, distribute pressure of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
contractions
Endocrine: Glucagon effects - correct answer✔✔1. Metabolic: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-Increase in blood glucose ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-Ketogenesis
,-Proteolysis
-Lipolysis
2. CVS: ||\\//||
-Ionotropy
-Chronotropy
3. GI: ||\\//||
-Relaxant
Pharmacology: Antibiotic - correct answer✔✔Chemical produced by a microorganism that ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
kills or inhibits the growth of another microorganism
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmacokinetics: Decrement time - correct answer✔✔Time taken for the plasma drug ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
concentration to decrease to a specified amount after cessation of an infusion of that drug
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmacology: Chemotherapy - correct answer✔✔Drugs that are selectively toxic to invading ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
microorganisms while having minimal effects on the host
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmarcokinetics: Deduction from Cp vs. time curve (first order elimination) - correct ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔1. AUC (IV) = administered dose ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. AUC (cf IV) = BA
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmarcokinetics: Deduction from InC vs. time curve (first order elimination) - correct ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔1. Rate constant (k) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Volume of distribution (Vd)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Clearance = Vd.k
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Half life
||\\//|| ||\\//||
5. Loading dose = Vd.Ct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, Pharmarcokinetics: Can you deduce half life from Cp vs time curve (zero order elimination)? - ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
correct answer✔✔No (it isn't constant)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmarcokinetics: Keo - correct answer✔✔Rate constant of drug elimination from the effect ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
site
||\\//||
Pharmarcokinetics: T1/2 Keo - correct answer✔✔Time taken for 50% drug concentration ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
equilibration between effect site and plasma with a constant plasma concentration
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Blood products: Types of blood products - correct answer✔✔1. PRBC
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Platelets
||\\//||
3. FFP ||\\//||
4. Cryoprecipitate
||\\//||
5. Plasma derivatives: albumin, immunoglobulins, clotting factors
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Endocrine: Treatment of hyperthyroidism - correct answer✔✔1. Surgical
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Underlying cause: radio iodine, thioureylenes, iodine
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Manifestations: beta blockers, guanethidine, steroids
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmacology: Classification of IV induction agents - correct answer✔✔1. Barbiturate ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Benzodiazepine
||\\//||
3. Phenol ||\\//||
4. Imidazole
||\\//||
5. Phencyclidine
||\\//||
Blood: Platelet structure - correct answer✔✔1. Fragment of megakaryocyte cytoplasm
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Glycocalyx, membrane, cytoskeleton, granules
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
solutions
Equipment: Ultrasound - correct answer✔✔A mechanical wave of a frequency outside of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
human hearing ||\\//||
Equipment: Ultrasonography - correct answer✔✔Diagnostic medical imaging using ultrasound
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
at frequency 2-15Mhz
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Equipment: Frequency - correct answer✔✔Number of waves per second||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Equipment: Wavelength - correct answer✔✔Distance over which a wave repeats itself
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Equipment: Amplitude - correct answer✔✔The height of the wave ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Equipment: Eutectic temperature - correct answer✔✔Lowest possible melting point over all
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
of the mixing ratios for the involved components species
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Respiratory: Functions of the nose - correct answer✔✔1. Conduit for air
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Conditioning of air (filtration, humidification, warming)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Smell ||\\//||
4. Auto PEEP
||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmacology: Antispetic skin preparation, types - correct answer✔✔1. Alcohol: quick onset, ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
flammable
-Ethyl alcohol ||\\//||
,-Isopropyl alcohol ||\\//||
2. Chlorhexidine: quick onset, flammable, long duration, hypersensitivity
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Iodine: pure vs iodophor (increased solubility and carrier/reservoir), quick onset
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Obstetrics: Pregnancy CVS changes - correct answer✔✔1. Hemodynamic: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-HR 20% increase||\\//|| ||\\//||
-SV 40% increase
||\\//|| ||\\//||
-CO 50% increase||\\//|| ||\\//||
-TPR 30% decrease ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Mechanical:
||\\//||
-Aortocaval compression ||\\//||
-Displacement of heart ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Volume:
||\\//||
-RBC 20% increase ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-Plasma 50% increase ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-Blood 40% increase ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Neonatology: Amniotic fluid, formation and functions - correct answer✔✔1. Production: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ultrafiltrate of fetal plasma/fetal urine ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Absorption: swallowed and absorbed by gut
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Approximately 1L at 34 weeks
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Functions: mechanical protection, buoyancy, space to grow, distribute pressure of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
contractions
Endocrine: Glucagon effects - correct answer✔✔1. Metabolic: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-Increase in blood glucose ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-Ketogenesis
,-Proteolysis
-Lipolysis
2. CVS: ||\\//||
-Ionotropy
-Chronotropy
3. GI: ||\\//||
-Relaxant
Pharmacology: Antibiotic - correct answer✔✔Chemical produced by a microorganism that ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
kills or inhibits the growth of another microorganism
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmacokinetics: Decrement time - correct answer✔✔Time taken for the plasma drug ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
concentration to decrease to a specified amount after cessation of an infusion of that drug
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmacology: Chemotherapy - correct answer✔✔Drugs that are selectively toxic to invading ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
microorganisms while having minimal effects on the host
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmarcokinetics: Deduction from Cp vs. time curve (first order elimination) - correct ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔1. AUC (IV) = administered dose ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. AUC (cf IV) = BA
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmarcokinetics: Deduction from InC vs. time curve (first order elimination) - correct ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔1. Rate constant (k) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Volume of distribution (Vd)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Clearance = Vd.k
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Half life
||\\//|| ||\\//||
5. Loading dose = Vd.Ct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, Pharmarcokinetics: Can you deduce half life from Cp vs time curve (zero order elimination)? - ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
correct answer✔✔No (it isn't constant)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmarcokinetics: Keo - correct answer✔✔Rate constant of drug elimination from the effect ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
site
||\\//||
Pharmarcokinetics: T1/2 Keo - correct answer✔✔Time taken for 50% drug concentration ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
equilibration between effect site and plasma with a constant plasma concentration
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Blood products: Types of blood products - correct answer✔✔1. PRBC
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Platelets
||\\//||
3. FFP ||\\//||
4. Cryoprecipitate
||\\//||
5. Plasma derivatives: albumin, immunoglobulins, clotting factors
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Endocrine: Treatment of hyperthyroidism - correct answer✔✔1. Surgical
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Underlying cause: radio iodine, thioureylenes, iodine
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Manifestations: beta blockers, guanethidine, steroids
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pharmacology: Classification of IV induction agents - correct answer✔✔1. Barbiturate ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Benzodiazepine
||\\//||
3. Phenol ||\\//||
4. Imidazole
||\\//||
5. Phencyclidine
||\\//||
Blood: Platelet structure - correct answer✔✔1. Fragment of megakaryocyte cytoplasm
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Glycocalyx, membrane, cytoskeleton, granules
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
