NUR 215 Exam 4
What is included in the upper airway? - answer nasal passages, mouth, and pharynx
what is the function of the upper airway? - answer moistens, warms, and filters the air
What is included in the lower airway? - answer trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
what is the function of the lower airway? - answer exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide
What is ventilation? - answer movement of air in and out of the lungs
What is respiration? - answer the exchange of gases in the lungs
the diaphragm contracts during which phase of ventilation? - answer inhalation
the diaphragm relaxes during which phase of ventilation? - answer exhalation
Where does external respiration occur? - answer in lungs; between the alveoli and
capillaries
Where does internal respiration occur? - answerin the tissues; capillary to tissue gas
exchange
what factors affect ventilation? - answerResp. rate, resp. depth, hyper/hypoventilation,
lung compliance, lung elasticity, airway resistance
physiological effects in the lungs on emphysema include? - answermucus in
bronchioles, enlarged alveoli, and fewer capillaries
What are some factors that affect pulmonary function? - answerdevelopmental stage,
environment, lifestyle, SMOKING, medications (specifically ones that depress the CNS)
What are some conditions that alter gas exchange respiratory system? - answerupper
respiratory infections (URIs) and lower respiratory infections
What are some common upper respiratory infections? - answercommon cold, rhino-
sinusitis (infection or inflammation of lining of sinuses), pharyngitis, influenza
What are some common acute lower respiratory infections? - answerrespiratory
syncytial virus (RSV), acute bronchitis, tuberculosis, pneumonia
, What order does the air flow through the respiratory tract? - answernasal cavity,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, lungs
what is the difference between a respiratory assessment for a person in respiratory
distress vs a healthy person? - answeryou should keep the questions short and focused
for a person in respiratory distress; your exam and questions should be more extensive
to determine risk for disease when PT is healthy
What is Kussmaul breathing? - answerrapid, deep, labored breathing with fruity breath
*due to metabolic acidosis*
What is Cheyne-Stokes breathing? - answerperiods of deep breathing that alternate
with periods of apnea; caused by: heart failure, uremia, drug use, brain damage; near
death breathing
What is Biot's breathing? - answergroups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by
irregular periods of apnea (no pattern)
What are the early and late symptoms of hypoxia? - answerearly= R:restlessness,
A:anxiety, T:tachycardia and tachypnea; late= B:bradycardia, E:extreme restlessness,
D:dyspnea (severe)
What is dyspnea? - answerdifficulty breathing
What are the pediatric symptoms of hypoxia? - answerFINES; F:feeding difficulty,
I:inspiratory stridor, N:nares flare, E:expiratory grunting, S:sternal retractions
What is hypoxia? - answerlow oxygen levels in the tissues
what is hypoxemia? - answerlow oxygen levels in the blood
What are the diagnostic tests used in a respiratory assessment? - answerblood tests
(specifically Arterial blood gases aka ABGs), chest x-ray, sputum culture, pulse
oximetry, peak expiratory flow rate (PERF)
What is an ABG? - answer-Arterial blood gas
-taken from artery (mostly radial and painful)
-measures acid in fluid, O2, Co2, ph
What to keep in mind when collecting a sputum culture - answercollect first thing in AM
for TB test, collect ASAP for all other sputum tests, try not to contaminate with saliva or
sinus drainage, collect before starting antibiotics
What is included in the upper airway? - answer nasal passages, mouth, and pharynx
what is the function of the upper airway? - answer moistens, warms, and filters the air
What is included in the lower airway? - answer trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
what is the function of the lower airway? - answer exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide
What is ventilation? - answer movement of air in and out of the lungs
What is respiration? - answer the exchange of gases in the lungs
the diaphragm contracts during which phase of ventilation? - answer inhalation
the diaphragm relaxes during which phase of ventilation? - answer exhalation
Where does external respiration occur? - answer in lungs; between the alveoli and
capillaries
Where does internal respiration occur? - answerin the tissues; capillary to tissue gas
exchange
what factors affect ventilation? - answerResp. rate, resp. depth, hyper/hypoventilation,
lung compliance, lung elasticity, airway resistance
physiological effects in the lungs on emphysema include? - answermucus in
bronchioles, enlarged alveoli, and fewer capillaries
What are some factors that affect pulmonary function? - answerdevelopmental stage,
environment, lifestyle, SMOKING, medications (specifically ones that depress the CNS)
What are some conditions that alter gas exchange respiratory system? - answerupper
respiratory infections (URIs) and lower respiratory infections
What are some common upper respiratory infections? - answercommon cold, rhino-
sinusitis (infection or inflammation of lining of sinuses), pharyngitis, influenza
What are some common acute lower respiratory infections? - answerrespiratory
syncytial virus (RSV), acute bronchitis, tuberculosis, pneumonia
, What order does the air flow through the respiratory tract? - answernasal cavity,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, lungs
what is the difference between a respiratory assessment for a person in respiratory
distress vs a healthy person? - answeryou should keep the questions short and focused
for a person in respiratory distress; your exam and questions should be more extensive
to determine risk for disease when PT is healthy
What is Kussmaul breathing? - answerrapid, deep, labored breathing with fruity breath
*due to metabolic acidosis*
What is Cheyne-Stokes breathing? - answerperiods of deep breathing that alternate
with periods of apnea; caused by: heart failure, uremia, drug use, brain damage; near
death breathing
What is Biot's breathing? - answergroups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by
irregular periods of apnea (no pattern)
What are the early and late symptoms of hypoxia? - answerearly= R:restlessness,
A:anxiety, T:tachycardia and tachypnea; late= B:bradycardia, E:extreme restlessness,
D:dyspnea (severe)
What is dyspnea? - answerdifficulty breathing
What are the pediatric symptoms of hypoxia? - answerFINES; F:feeding difficulty,
I:inspiratory stridor, N:nares flare, E:expiratory grunting, S:sternal retractions
What is hypoxia? - answerlow oxygen levels in the tissues
what is hypoxemia? - answerlow oxygen levels in the blood
What are the diagnostic tests used in a respiratory assessment? - answerblood tests
(specifically Arterial blood gases aka ABGs), chest x-ray, sputum culture, pulse
oximetry, peak expiratory flow rate (PERF)
What is an ABG? - answer-Arterial blood gas
-taken from artery (mostly radial and painful)
-measures acid in fluid, O2, Co2, ph
What to keep in mind when collecting a sputum culture - answercollect first thing in AM
for TB test, collect ASAP for all other sputum tests, try not to contaminate with saliva or
sinus drainage, collect before starting antibiotics
