CCJ3024 Tests 1-8 Questions/answers and Study Guides 1-8 | Latest complete A+ rated | University of Florida - CCJ 3024 Tests 1-8 Questions/answers and Study Guides 1-8

CCJ3024 Tests 1-8 Questions/answers and Study Guides 1-8 Why has crime decreased since 1993? Baby-boomers have "aged out" of crime, What 2 competing interests do court decisions weigh? individual rights and public rights "Justice is not always fair but it is just" Where is the Bill of Rights? Which one protects against unreasonable search and seizure? 1st 10 Amendments to the constitution, 4th What are the "levels of certainty for 1) detention 2) arrest 3) conviction? 1) reasonable suspicion, 2) probable cause, 3) beyond a reasonable doubt, Probable Cause Be able to articulate why they think the person probably committed a specific crime When is Miranda necessary? 1) in custodial interrogation 2) if talking about the crime Who signs a warrant? What is the level of certainty? A judge, probable cause Good faith exception In United States constitutional law, the good-faith exemption (also good-faith doctrine) is a legal doctrine providing an exemption to the exclusionary rule. When the officer is acting in "good faith" that the person is not committing a crime within a premise Exclusionary Rule The exclusionary rule is a legal principle in the United States, under constitutional law, which holds that evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights is sometimes inadmissible for a criminal prosecution in a court of law. Preliminary Hearing Within some criminal justice systems, a preliminary hearing (evidentiary hearing) is a proceeding, after a criminal complaint has been filed by the prosecutor, to determine whether there is enough evidence to require a trial. (probable cause) Uniform Crime Report The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) contain official data on crime that is reported to law enforcement agencies across the United States who then provide the data to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). National Crime Victim Survey Survey which goes to specific household to question them about how crime has effected/touched their lives Schedule 1 Drugs No acceptable medical use, not available with prescription Most Common Drug in STL? Cocaine Is Not Guilty By Reason of Insanity a Good Defense strategy? Probably not M'Naughten Test The M'Naghten Rules (pronounced, and sometimes spelled, McNaughton) were the first serious attempt to rationalize the attitude of the criminal law towards mentally incompetent defendants. States that if a person cannot, at the time a crime is committed determine right from wrong they are "insane" (Missouri) Durham Test Mental disease of defect (Illinois) Are Hyper Males (XYY) more prevalent in prison populations? no Id pleasure principle Ego the go between Super-ego Conscience the "angel" Poverty line $21,834 for a family of 4 Differential Association Theory In criminology, Differential Association is a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior. but can vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity Mens Rea In criminal law, mens rea the Latin term for "guilty mind" is usually one of the necessary elements of a crime. Actus Rea Guilty Act Incohate preparing or seeking to commit another crime Corpus Delecti Corpus delicti (plural: corpora delicti) (Latin: "body of crime") is a term from Western jurisprudence which refers to the principle that it must be proven that a crime has occurred before a person can be convicted of committing the crime. Body Typology Dr. William Shelton Ectomorph skinny Endomorph fat Mesomorph muscle, crime Burglary Burglary (also called breaking and entering and sometimes housebreaking) is a crime, the essence of which is entry into a building for the purposes of committing an offence. Robbery Forcibly taking or attempting to take the belongings of another Forcible Rape In criminal law, rape is an assault by a person involving sexual intercourse with another person without that person's consent. Motivated by power, control Where do you find Missouri Statutes online? Too many, not online, some not all Crime Rate Crimes Per 100,000 UCR Hierarchy Rule The worst crime 1 person commits in a given set of actions (one event) is what is counted in the UCR Social Control Theory Travis Hirschi strong social bonds reduce delinquency Hedonistic Calculus The felicific calculus is an algorithm formulated by utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham for calculating the degree or amount of pleasure that a specific action is likely to cause. Stare Decisis Stare decisis (Latin: , Anglicisation: ) is the legal principle by which judges are obliged to obey the precedents established by prior decisions. What is criminology scientific study of crime what three aspects of crime and criminal behavior that crimionologist focus on making laws, breaking laws, societies reaction True or false norms are created through social interaction true true or false a behavior to be considered a crime it must cause an object harm false what two crimes have led to the death penalty treason and which craft when was arson added to crime index 1979 according to mesner and rosen feld what weakens none economic penetration, accomodation, devauluation Three forms of power economic, ideology, force the most effective form of power is ideology mens rea is guilty mind people under what age cant be under mens rea 7 there is no universal definition for terrorism true or false true who invented the penopticon benthom what is crime illigitimate redistribution of power DO POLICE RECORD ALL CRIME no if someone breaks in to a business after it is closed and steals stuff it is a burglary what r the 8 index crimes muder, burglary, larceny, auto theft, agrravated assault, rape, arson, robbery what is it called when the compare three forms triangulation ehat is culture values, norms, attitudes, beliefs problems with cross national data countries have different laws and stuff hierarchy rule crimes are under reported by design only most serious crimes do crimes take into accoutn population size yes what region of the country has teh highest crime rate south gender is socioloy constructed true or false true males are more likely to be victims of crimes true criminal behavior is affected by chemicals yes does devaince violate nroms yes what is data information, facts, observation limitations of self report data people lie women commit more crime than previously thought true or false true All societys have crime and punishment what is theory an explanation anomie durkheim normless break down in social structure aging out phenomenon is when people get older they don't commit crimes Social disorganization theory shaw and McCay seven things must be there for crime mens rea, law, punishment, mala in se bad in itself mala prohibita Malum prohibitum (plural mala prohibita, literal translation: "wrong [as or because] prohibited") is a Latin phrase used in law to refer to conduct that constitutes an unlawful act only by virtue of statute, as opposed to conduct evil in and of itself, or malum in se. Cases Plea Bargained 90% social control theories reckless containment theory, social bond/contro theory(hirschi), matza and sykes drift/neutralization theory, general theory of crime (hirschi and gottfredson), control balance theory (tittle) labeling theory reintegrative shaming scientific paradign a set of practices and assumptions hwo does the paradign you choose affect your research what, the questions, how the study, how results interepreted positivist perspective absolutism, objectivism, determinism constructionist perspective relativism, subjectivism, voluntarism what can constructionist do that positivsts cant it permits inquiry into false accusations, positivists tend to ask why do they do it, constructionists can ask why are these rules enforced how do crimionologists do research paradign, theory, data, methods, positivist theories rational choice, anomie/strain, social learning, control theories constructionist labeling theory, conflict theories, critical race theory, feminism Social control threories. crime is the result of weak social constraint antisocial behavior, ask why people obey rules instead of breaking them hobbes vs locke containment theory walter c. reckless internal and external factors contribute to law abiding behavior what is containment aspect of he socila bond that prevent individuals from commiting crime, stabilizing force According to durkheim no society could enforce total conformity, crime permits and enables social change and flexibility, punishment promotes solidarity Scientific research what do crimionologists do data, theory, prevention how do we measure crime in the US federal data: UCR and NIBRS, Victimization data, self repot data, violent personal crime murder, rape aggravated assault, robbery property crime burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arosn hate crimes have to be for religion, race, ethinicity, sexual orientation, disabilities 3 main goals of criminal law keep the public safe from criminals, articulate our society's moral vvalues and concerns, protect teh rights and freedoms of the nations citizenry mala prohibita violate the law but not necessarily moral standards Mala in se crimes violate tradtioenal norms and moral codes how are norms created through social interactions: individuals, roles in institutions, informal social controls what is law a set of specific rules regarding human conduct what is crime any behavior in violation of criminal law that is subject to punishment for a behavior to be regulated by law, the behavior has to meet what 7 criteria cause harm, be illegal, intentional conduct, mens rea, conduct + intent must be linked, causal relationship between conduct and harm, punishment associated with the behavior on the books six legal defenses to criminal liability accident or mistake, ignorance, duress, self-defense, entrapment, insanity what three main ways that people can harm other people body, property, ideals ucr offenses knwon to the police and clearances what three crimes are women more likely than men to commit prostitution, shoplifting, welfare fraud what explains the race-crime relationship crime is intraracial in part due to segregation, poverty influences homicide violent crime and property crimes rates, resource dedeprivation, street crime perpetrated by poor, urban offenders is highly visible to the police cesare beccaria punishment must be swift, certain and severe, enought o ouwiegh the benefits of crime. he believed tourture was unjust Jeremy bentham the pain of crime commission must outwiegh teh pleasure to be derived from criminal activity. punishment should be suffiently distatsteful to the offender so as to outwiegh pleasure of crime the value of any pleasure or pain could be calculated by its what according to bentham intensity, duration, certainty, immediacy foucault benthams panoptican led to change from nasty public executions to private never seen humane ones Heritage of classical school rationality, hedonism, punishment, human rights, due process neoclassical crimionology rational choice theory, routine activities theory rational choice theories assert crime is the result of rational actors, weighing from the best of their ability, the rewards and punishment pf deviance routine activities theory cohen and felson. extends rational choice theory. motivated offender, suitable target, absence pf a capable guardian four crime control strategies based on rational choice situtional crime prevention, general deterrence strategies, specific deterrence strategy, incapacitation strategies Marxs methodology historical materialism, history and material economis reality dialectic hegel a german philosopher is the early 1800s influenced marx Marxian dialectic marx used dialectic method to explain how economic modes of production change, the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles marxian dialectic thing thesis antithesis synthesis. feudalism class conflict capitalism. capitalism class conflict in the capitalist mode of production bourgeisie onw the means of production, proletariat are forced to sell thier labor, surplus value is created through exploitation of labor, the rich get richer the poor get poorer, workers are alienated alianation from the product of labor, from the proces of production, from other workers, from themselves as a species of being because workers are alienated they dont recognize their common interests in overthrowing capitalism there has never been a truly marxist revolution disagreement about role of state and bureaucracies in post capitalist societies, the frankfurt school herbert marcuse eros and civilization. combined freuds pleasure principle vs. reality principle sublimination and marxs historical; materialism and class conflict. argued that one day we could all have the opportunity to find pleasure in our work willem bonger in capitalist societies, only those who lack power are subject to criminal laws corruption of capitalism leads to criminality george b. Vold crime is the product of political conflict between groups and is an expression fo the ongoing struggle for power control and material well-being william J. Chambliss what makes teh behavior of some criminal is the coercive power of the state to enforce teh will of the ruling class radical marxist crimionology middle and upper class criminals are more likely to escape/avoid punishment by the cjs. penal law can be seen as a way to keep the proletariat in submission, less intense class struggle should lower the crime rate Left realism most crime is poor working class on poor workng class, crime is the result of relative deprivation, instead of revolution reduce inequeality, realistic community policing democratic criminal justice process criminology study of making laws breaking laws society's reaction to the breaking of laws deviance behavior that violates social norms crime behavior that is considered so harmful that it is banned by criminal law consensus view assumes an agreement of opinions of different people on what the social norms of behavior are and should be formal laws represent the interests of all segments of the public laws are internally consistent people obey them cuz they reflect their values crime violates these social norms punishment is necessary to ensure continuing social stability conflict view assumes that members of the public disagree on what is considered socially appropriate these disagreements reflect their disparate positions based on inequality of wealth and power laws represent the powerful and help the ruling majority maintain their social position ...............................this document continues all the way to 199 pages