JUVENILE JUSTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Two factors of Juvenile Delinquency - ANSWER-Crime & Age
Status Offense - ANSWER-Age based offenses (curfew, MIP, truancy)
Juvenile delinquency definition - ANSWER-Crime of deviancy committed by an
individual below the age of majority
Crime Age Correlation* - ANSWER-Property crime most prevalent, followed by drug
violations and small fights
Crime Control v. Rehabilitation - ANSWER-Juveniles are not "fully formed", therefore
they are malleable and can be treated and rehabilitated.
Crime vs. delinquency vs. status offenses - ANSWER-Crime - actual acts illegal for
anybody at anytime in particular locality
Delinquency - body of antisocial or deviant behavior, not always illegal
Status offenses - gray area between crime and deviancy, laws or statutory rules that
apply to only juveniles
Due Process v. Parens Patriae - ANSWER-Due Process: Fair Treatment through the
CJ system
Parens Patriae: The government stepping in to protect citizens who are unable to
protect themselves (ex. remove juveniles from the care of deficient parents with little
due process to benefit the child).
Cycle of Juvenile Justice* - ANSWER-Philosophies of crime control and
rehabilitation constantly revolve. One philosophy falls out of favor and the other
replaces it. This happens again and again.
1700's: Juveniles were sinners just like all criminals
- No Special Treatment
Early 1800's: Juveniles needed rehabilitated
- Special treatment
- Reformatory Movement
- Pens Patriae and no due process
Late 1800's: Reaffirmation of Due Process
- The reformatory movement was seen as failing
- Juveniles needed due process protection
- Treated like adults in criminal courts
, Early 1900's: The Juvenile Court
- Juveniles need special treatment
- Juvenile Courts don't punish they rehabilitate
- No due process
1960's: Reaffirmation of Due Process
- Juveniles need constitutional safe guards
- Treated as adults in court
- Adversarial system
- Punitive measures eventually adopted
Invention of Juvenile Delinquency - ANSWER-Juveniles seen as not being at fault
because of their youth, and they should be saved so became working concept with
its own set of policies and procedures
Punishment in the 1700's - ANSWER-Most Punishment was not severe (Shaming).
Other types of punishment were harsh (death, imprisonment, corporal punishment).
Punishment in the 1800's - ANSWER-Incarceration became a place where criminals
would reform their "evil ways" through self reflection and hard work.
Dangerous classes - ANSWER-Crime became associated with lower classes.
Viewed as a threat to the established social order.
Reformatory System - ANSWER-Taking a troubled youth and putting them in a
halfway house rather than jail to help deter them from future/imminent crime.
Ex Parte Crouse - ANSWER-Took Mary Ann Crouse from her come because she
was a problem child and put her in a house (reformatory system).
People v. Turner - ANSWER-The criminal justice system in the 1800's removed
children from "bad" situations to reeducate children in conventional behavior.
Reaffirmed that sentences to reformatories were still punishment. Court stated that
juveniles should be sentenced only if they violated a criminal law. Court upheld
juvenile due process rights.
First Juvenile Court - ANSWER-No adversarial system. The judge is kindly
benefactor with a good intentions. The prosecutor looks for a solution to help the
juvenile. Social workers and psychologists help design a treatment plan. ALL
REHABILITATION NO CONVICTION (didn't last because violated due process
rights).
1950's Reaffirmation of Due Process* - ANSWER-Juvenile court was reformed
because it needed to uphold due process rights of juveniles.
Fear of Juvenile crime in the 60's and 70's - ANSWER-Fear of a rising wave of
juvenile crimes made juveniles become treated like adults. They were sentenced to
adult courts and rehabilitation became secondary.
AND ANSWERS
Two factors of Juvenile Delinquency - ANSWER-Crime & Age
Status Offense - ANSWER-Age based offenses (curfew, MIP, truancy)
Juvenile delinquency definition - ANSWER-Crime of deviancy committed by an
individual below the age of majority
Crime Age Correlation* - ANSWER-Property crime most prevalent, followed by drug
violations and small fights
Crime Control v. Rehabilitation - ANSWER-Juveniles are not "fully formed", therefore
they are malleable and can be treated and rehabilitated.
Crime vs. delinquency vs. status offenses - ANSWER-Crime - actual acts illegal for
anybody at anytime in particular locality
Delinquency - body of antisocial or deviant behavior, not always illegal
Status offenses - gray area between crime and deviancy, laws or statutory rules that
apply to only juveniles
Due Process v. Parens Patriae - ANSWER-Due Process: Fair Treatment through the
CJ system
Parens Patriae: The government stepping in to protect citizens who are unable to
protect themselves (ex. remove juveniles from the care of deficient parents with little
due process to benefit the child).
Cycle of Juvenile Justice* - ANSWER-Philosophies of crime control and
rehabilitation constantly revolve. One philosophy falls out of favor and the other
replaces it. This happens again and again.
1700's: Juveniles were sinners just like all criminals
- No Special Treatment
Early 1800's: Juveniles needed rehabilitated
- Special treatment
- Reformatory Movement
- Pens Patriae and no due process
Late 1800's: Reaffirmation of Due Process
- The reformatory movement was seen as failing
- Juveniles needed due process protection
- Treated like adults in criminal courts
, Early 1900's: The Juvenile Court
- Juveniles need special treatment
- Juvenile Courts don't punish they rehabilitate
- No due process
1960's: Reaffirmation of Due Process
- Juveniles need constitutional safe guards
- Treated as adults in court
- Adversarial system
- Punitive measures eventually adopted
Invention of Juvenile Delinquency - ANSWER-Juveniles seen as not being at fault
because of their youth, and they should be saved so became working concept with
its own set of policies and procedures
Punishment in the 1700's - ANSWER-Most Punishment was not severe (Shaming).
Other types of punishment were harsh (death, imprisonment, corporal punishment).
Punishment in the 1800's - ANSWER-Incarceration became a place where criminals
would reform their "evil ways" through self reflection and hard work.
Dangerous classes - ANSWER-Crime became associated with lower classes.
Viewed as a threat to the established social order.
Reformatory System - ANSWER-Taking a troubled youth and putting them in a
halfway house rather than jail to help deter them from future/imminent crime.
Ex Parte Crouse - ANSWER-Took Mary Ann Crouse from her come because she
was a problem child and put her in a house (reformatory system).
People v. Turner - ANSWER-The criminal justice system in the 1800's removed
children from "bad" situations to reeducate children in conventional behavior.
Reaffirmed that sentences to reformatories were still punishment. Court stated that
juveniles should be sentenced only if they violated a criminal law. Court upheld
juvenile due process rights.
First Juvenile Court - ANSWER-No adversarial system. The judge is kindly
benefactor with a good intentions. The prosecutor looks for a solution to help the
juvenile. Social workers and psychologists help design a treatment plan. ALL
REHABILITATION NO CONVICTION (didn't last because violated due process
rights).
1950's Reaffirmation of Due Process* - ANSWER-Juvenile court was reformed
because it needed to uphold due process rights of juveniles.
Fear of Juvenile crime in the 60's and 70's - ANSWER-Fear of a rising wave of
juvenile crimes made juveniles become treated like adults. They were sentenced to
adult courts and rehabilitation became secondary.
