NR 565 Midterm Chamberlain University
Advanced Pharmacology Assessment Exam Graded A+
Complete Questions Fully Solved 100% ORIGINAL
When prescribing opioids should patient be initially started on IR or ER? correct answers
IR- lowest dose for shortest amount of time
How are patients initially exposed to opioids? correct answers
either recreationally (illicitly) or in context of pain management in medical setting
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties
of drugs? correct answers
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses,
some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates? correct answers
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy? correct answers
delayed gastric emptying
,Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient? correct answers
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides,
levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient education? correct answers
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions? correct
answers
reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
,How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an adverse drug
reaction? correct answers
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients? correct answers
simplifying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM? correct answers
Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication? correct answers
, Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect
Tolerance
patho
age
bodyweight
Do you need informed consent for genetic testing? correct answers
yes
What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discriminatory Act? correct answers
Protects patients from discrimination by employers and insurance providers based on genetic
information
Difference between practice authority and prescriptive authority? correct answers
Practice authority refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician oversight,
whereas prescriptive authority refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe medications
independently and without limitations.
Who regulates prescriptive authority? correct answers
the jurisdiction of a health professional board. This may be the State Board of Nursing, the State Board
of Medicine, or the State Board of Pharmacy, as determined by each state.
Advanced Pharmacology Assessment Exam Graded A+
Complete Questions Fully Solved 100% ORIGINAL
When prescribing opioids should patient be initially started on IR or ER? correct answers
IR- lowest dose for shortest amount of time
How are patients initially exposed to opioids? correct answers
either recreationally (illicitly) or in context of pain management in medical setting
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties
of drugs? correct answers
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses,
some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates? correct answers
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy? correct answers
delayed gastric emptying
,Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient? correct answers
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides,
levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient education? correct answers
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions? correct
answers
reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
,How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an adverse drug
reaction? correct answers
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients? correct answers
simplifying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM? correct answers
Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication? correct answers
, Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect
Tolerance
patho
age
bodyweight
Do you need informed consent for genetic testing? correct answers
yes
What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discriminatory Act? correct answers
Protects patients from discrimination by employers and insurance providers based on genetic
information
Difference between practice authority and prescriptive authority? correct answers
Practice authority refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician oversight,
whereas prescriptive authority refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe medications
independently and without limitations.
Who regulates prescriptive authority? correct answers
the jurisdiction of a health professional board. This may be the State Board of Nursing, the State Board
of Medicine, or the State Board of Pharmacy, as determined by each state.
