JUVENILE JUSTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When did the concept of adolescence emerge in history - ANSWER-15th century
during the enlighten time/during industrialization-physically adults, mentally children ,
age of reason
What is meant by the term "age of responsibility" and when did it emerge in history?
- ANSWER-Hammurabi's Code and the Talmud
Distinction between youthful offenders and adults;
death penalty not appropriate for youth
Canon law, Roman law, and the Twelve Tables
The age of reason was set at 7-year-old
Intent was possible for those 7-14, and 14-year-olds could be considered adults
What was the Child Savers Movement? - ANSWER-Child-savers movement: Mid-
19th-century movement in the United States that sought to rescue children from
unwholesome and dangerous environments. A fundamental tenet of the movement
was that juveniles should receive treatment rather than punishment.
Idea was to save/protect the kids not punish them.
Judges that worked in the juvenile court were part of the savors movement
When was the first juvenile court established in the United States? Where? -
ANSWER-1899 Birth of Juvenile Court - Cook County Illinois
State acts as parent
Non-punitive
Nurture/prevent stigmatization of formal court processing
Individualized justice
Reform assistance oriented
What is mens rea? How is it related to juvenile justice? - ANSWER-The question of
when and under what circumstances children are capable of forming criminal intent
(mens rea, or "guilty mind") remains a point of contention in juvenile justice
proceedings today-trying to understand why Juveniles commit crimes.
Active thought of committing a crime.
What is parens patrae? How is it related to juvenile justice? - ANSWER-parens
patriae ("parent of the country")
government, or any other authority, regarded as the legal protector of citizens
unable to protect themselves.
What is in loco parentis? How is it related to juvenile justice? - ANSWER-in loco
parentis ("in the place of parents") state/teachers etc
What is the therapeutic approach to juvenile justice? - ANSWER-unofficial approach,
being grounded in approaches that emphasize treatment and/or casework.
•Mid-1800s, we adopted more therapeutic approaches to juveniles.
, •"Idle hands are the devil's workshop!"
•Trade schools, reform schools or apprenticeships
•Pauperism = juvenile delinquencyInformal and
Code of Hammurabi - ANSWER-the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king
Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its
entirety. first written law
Enlightenment - ANSWER-people no longer born evil
shift from rural to urban life
children seen as little adults
Mid 1800's - ANSWER-adopted more of therapeutic approach
Child Savers - ANSWER-Late 19th century reformers in America who developed
programs for troubled youths and influenced legislation creating the juvenile justice
system
legalistic approach to juvenile justice - ANSWER-Formal and official approach with
strict adherence to constitutional safeguards.
Dower System - ANSWER-pay others to take/own your daughter
Primogeniture - ANSWER-right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son
English nobles - ANSWER-CJ System was adopted here Religion=Crime
Puritans - ANSWER-English Protestant dissenters who believed that God
predestined souls to heaven or hell before birth. They founded Massachusetts Bay
Colony in 1629.
idle hands are the devils workshop
Industrialization - ANSWER-Cultural Shift
Child Savers
Concept of Adolescence -Physically Adults-Mentally Children
Innocence, Vulnerability and dependency
Child Saving Movement - ANSWER-House of Refuge
In re Holmes (1955 - ANSWER-The U.S. Supreme Court ruling that because juvenile
courts are not criminal courts, the constitutional rights guaranteed to accused adults
do not apply to juveniles.
Supreme Court refused to hear juvenile case
- Court held that juvenile court was not criminal
- Therefore, the rights afforded to accused adults in criminal courts did not Juveniles
court is separate from criminal court. Due process does not apply. This was
considered more of a therapeutic approach extend to juveniles
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When did the concept of adolescence emerge in history - ANSWER-15th century
during the enlighten time/during industrialization-physically adults, mentally children ,
age of reason
What is meant by the term "age of responsibility" and when did it emerge in history?
- ANSWER-Hammurabi's Code and the Talmud
Distinction between youthful offenders and adults;
death penalty not appropriate for youth
Canon law, Roman law, and the Twelve Tables
The age of reason was set at 7-year-old
Intent was possible for those 7-14, and 14-year-olds could be considered adults
What was the Child Savers Movement? - ANSWER-Child-savers movement: Mid-
19th-century movement in the United States that sought to rescue children from
unwholesome and dangerous environments. A fundamental tenet of the movement
was that juveniles should receive treatment rather than punishment.
Idea was to save/protect the kids not punish them.
Judges that worked in the juvenile court were part of the savors movement
When was the first juvenile court established in the United States? Where? -
ANSWER-1899 Birth of Juvenile Court - Cook County Illinois
State acts as parent
Non-punitive
Nurture/prevent stigmatization of formal court processing
Individualized justice
Reform assistance oriented
What is mens rea? How is it related to juvenile justice? - ANSWER-The question of
when and under what circumstances children are capable of forming criminal intent
(mens rea, or "guilty mind") remains a point of contention in juvenile justice
proceedings today-trying to understand why Juveniles commit crimes.
Active thought of committing a crime.
What is parens patrae? How is it related to juvenile justice? - ANSWER-parens
patriae ("parent of the country")
government, or any other authority, regarded as the legal protector of citizens
unable to protect themselves.
What is in loco parentis? How is it related to juvenile justice? - ANSWER-in loco
parentis ("in the place of parents") state/teachers etc
What is the therapeutic approach to juvenile justice? - ANSWER-unofficial approach,
being grounded in approaches that emphasize treatment and/or casework.
•Mid-1800s, we adopted more therapeutic approaches to juveniles.
, •"Idle hands are the devil's workshop!"
•Trade schools, reform schools or apprenticeships
•Pauperism = juvenile delinquencyInformal and
Code of Hammurabi - ANSWER-the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king
Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its
entirety. first written law
Enlightenment - ANSWER-people no longer born evil
shift from rural to urban life
children seen as little adults
Mid 1800's - ANSWER-adopted more of therapeutic approach
Child Savers - ANSWER-Late 19th century reformers in America who developed
programs for troubled youths and influenced legislation creating the juvenile justice
system
legalistic approach to juvenile justice - ANSWER-Formal and official approach with
strict adherence to constitutional safeguards.
Dower System - ANSWER-pay others to take/own your daughter
Primogeniture - ANSWER-right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son
English nobles - ANSWER-CJ System was adopted here Religion=Crime
Puritans - ANSWER-English Protestant dissenters who believed that God
predestined souls to heaven or hell before birth. They founded Massachusetts Bay
Colony in 1629.
idle hands are the devils workshop
Industrialization - ANSWER-Cultural Shift
Child Savers
Concept of Adolescence -Physically Adults-Mentally Children
Innocence, Vulnerability and dependency
Child Saving Movement - ANSWER-House of Refuge
In re Holmes (1955 - ANSWER-The U.S. Supreme Court ruling that because juvenile
courts are not criminal courts, the constitutional rights guaranteed to accused adults
do not apply to juveniles.
Supreme Court refused to hear juvenile case
- Court held that juvenile court was not criminal
- Therefore, the rights afforded to accused adults in criminal courts did not Juveniles
court is separate from criminal court. Due process does not apply. This was
considered more of a therapeutic approach extend to juveniles
