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Q1. What is bacteremia?
A: The presence or growth of viable bacteria in the bloodstream.
Q2. How may bacteremia present clinically?
A:
1. As a self-limiting event without clinical consequences.
2. As a serious infection requiring medical intervention.
Q3. Bacteremia is often associated with what situations?
A:
• Hospitalization
• Use of intravascular catheters
• Invasive medical or surgical procedures
Q4. Which patients are at higher risk for serious bacteremia?
A:
• Immunocompromised patients (e.g., due to drugs or chemotherapy)
• Patients with preexisting diseases
, Q5. What is pseudobacteremia?
A: False bacteremia caused by contamination of blood during phlebotomy.
Q6. What is occult (unsuspected) bacteremia?
A: Presence of bacteria in the blood without physical signs or symptoms of
infection.
Q7. What is septicemia?
A: Bacteremia accompanied by clinical signs and symptoms of bacterial
invasion and toxin production.
Q8. What is Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)?
A: A broad spectrum of systemic inflammatory conditions, ranging from
noninfectious inflammation to sepsis.
Q9. Define sepsis.
A: A systemic inflammatory response to infection, sometimes with organ
involvement.
Q10. What is septic shock?
A: Sepsis accompanied by refractory (persistent) hypotension despite
adequate fluid resuscitation.
Q11. What are the four major bacteremia classification schemes?
A:
1. Site of origin
2. Causative agent
3. Place of acquisition
4. Duration
Q12. What is primary bacteremia?
A: Originates from an endovascular source (e.g., infected catheter,
endocarditis).