MMSC 438 Verified Multiple Choice and
Conceptual Actual Frequently Tested Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct
Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update!!
1. What is ototoxicity and what drugs cause it - ANSWER Hearing
impairment/deafness
-Chloramphenicol
-Aminoglycosides
2. What drugs cause nephrotoxicity - ANSWER Aminoglycosides
Vancomycin
3. What drugs cause hematologic toxicity - ANSWER Linezolid
Chloramphenicol
4. How do bacteria become resistant - ANSWER Genetic mutation
(spontaneous)
Intrinsic resistance
Acquired resistance
,5. Naturally occurring resistance due to normal state of bacterium - ANSWER
Intrinsic resistance
6. Horizontal transfer resistance genes from other bacteria - ANSWER
Acquired resistance
7. Antibiotic Resistance Gene Location - ANSWER R plasmid
8. What do Beta-lactamase/Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes do to a drug -
ANSWER Produces an enzyme that destroys the drug
Organism inactivates drug
- Transfer a chemical group to a drug
Organism sticks a chemical group on the drug and the drug can not do it's job
9. What do efflux pumps do - ANSWER Decreases intracellular drug
accumulation
- Organism becomes less permeable to the drug
- The drug is pumped out of the organism
10.How does MRSA become resistant - ANSWER Altered drug target.
No/altered receptor or binding protein for drug.
- Methicillin binds to PBP2 but the mecA gene makes a new PBP and
methicillin can not bind
, 11.What does beta-lactamase do - ANSWER Confer resistance to some
beta-lactam antibiotics
- Hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring- breaks apart penicillin ring, adds water,
makes the drug inactive
- Virtually all gram neg bacteria produce ß-lactamase
12.What does beta lactamase inhibitor do - ANSWER Prevent degradation
of ß-lactam ring
13.Organism constantly expressing resistance mechanism - ANSWER
Constitutive
14.Resistance only when exposed to agent - ANSWER Inducible
15.Entire bacterial population expressing resistance - ANSWER
Homogenous
16.Some bacteria in population express resistance (MRSA) - ANSWER
Heterogenous
17.Administering antimicrobial agents kills susceptible bacteria and allows the
growth of resistance bacteria (horizontal gene transfer) - ANSWER
Selective pressure
Conceptual Actual Frequently Tested Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct
Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update!!
1. What is ototoxicity and what drugs cause it - ANSWER Hearing
impairment/deafness
-Chloramphenicol
-Aminoglycosides
2. What drugs cause nephrotoxicity - ANSWER Aminoglycosides
Vancomycin
3. What drugs cause hematologic toxicity - ANSWER Linezolid
Chloramphenicol
4. How do bacteria become resistant - ANSWER Genetic mutation
(spontaneous)
Intrinsic resistance
Acquired resistance
,5. Naturally occurring resistance due to normal state of bacterium - ANSWER
Intrinsic resistance
6. Horizontal transfer resistance genes from other bacteria - ANSWER
Acquired resistance
7. Antibiotic Resistance Gene Location - ANSWER R plasmid
8. What do Beta-lactamase/Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes do to a drug -
ANSWER Produces an enzyme that destroys the drug
Organism inactivates drug
- Transfer a chemical group to a drug
Organism sticks a chemical group on the drug and the drug can not do it's job
9. What do efflux pumps do - ANSWER Decreases intracellular drug
accumulation
- Organism becomes less permeable to the drug
- The drug is pumped out of the organism
10.How does MRSA become resistant - ANSWER Altered drug target.
No/altered receptor or binding protein for drug.
- Methicillin binds to PBP2 but the mecA gene makes a new PBP and
methicillin can not bind
, 11.What does beta-lactamase do - ANSWER Confer resistance to some
beta-lactam antibiotics
- Hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring- breaks apart penicillin ring, adds water,
makes the drug inactive
- Virtually all gram neg bacteria produce ß-lactamase
12.What does beta lactamase inhibitor do - ANSWER Prevent degradation
of ß-lactam ring
13.Organism constantly expressing resistance mechanism - ANSWER
Constitutive
14.Resistance only when exposed to agent - ANSWER Inducible
15.Entire bacterial population expressing resistance - ANSWER
Homogenous
16.Some bacteria in population express resistance (MRSA) - ANSWER
Heterogenous
17.Administering antimicrobial agents kills susceptible bacteria and allows the
growth of resistance bacteria (horizontal gene transfer) - ANSWER
Selective pressure
