MMSC 438 Verified Multiple Choice and
Conceptual Actual Frequently Tested
Exam Questions With Reviewed 100%
Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update!!
1. Homogenous - ANSWER entire bacterial population expressing
resistance
2. Heterogeneous - ANSWER some bacteria in population express
resistance like MRSA
3. Describe treatment strategies for biofilms. - ANSWER Treat with
Daptomycin, Interrupting quorum sensing pathways, Adding DNAse to
antibiotics aids penetration through extracellular debris, Impregnating
devices with antibiotics prior to insertion to prevent colonization
4. β-Lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) - ANSWER Prevent the degradation of β-
lactam antibiotics, Extends the range of bacteria the β-lactam antibiotics
are effective against, Important in treating Gram-negative bacterial
infections
5. 3 B-Lactamase Inhibitors. - ANSWER Clavulanic acid or clavulanate,
Sulbactam, Tazobactam
,6. Alternate name Clavulanic acid or clavulanate - ANSWER - amoxicillin -
augmentin
7. Alternate name Sulbactam - ANSWER - ampicillin - unasyn
8. Alternate name Tazobactam - ANSWER - piperacillin - zosyn
9. List 5 novel antimicrobial strategies that are under investigation - ANSWER
1. RNA Interference: shut down metabolism 2. Defense peptides 3.
CRISPR - package in a phage to infect and destroy pathogen, 4. Drugs from
undiscovered bacteria, 5. Bacteriophages: bacteriophage selected that
target specific bacteria (ex Acinetobacter - MDR resistance)
10.Nanoparticles - ANSWER Less than 100 nm in size, Nanomaterial can be
loaded with - Drugs, Biomolecule diagnostic tools, Contrasting agents.
11.Probiotics - ANSWER live microorganisms to improve intestinal biota,
replace microbes lost during antimicrobial therapy
12.Prebiotics - ANSWER nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial
microbes in the intestine
,13.Fecal transplants - ANSWER Used to treat recurrent Clostridiodes
difficile infection and ulcerative colitis, Transfer of feces from a healthy
patient via colonoscopy or orally
14.Penicillin G reaction - ANSWER rash, hives, watery eyes
15.Carbenicillin reaction - ANSWER abnormal bleeding
16.Sulfonamides reaction - ANSWER information of crytals in kidney,
blockage of urine flow, hemolysis, reduction in RBC counts
17.Cephalosporins reaction - ANSWER inhibition of PLT function, decreased
circulation of WBCs, nephritis
18.Polymyxin (colisitin) reaction - ANSWER kidney damage, weakened
muscular responses
19.Quinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin) reaction - ANSWER headache,
dizziness, tremors, GI distress
20.Rifampin reaction - ANSWER damage to hepatic cells, dermatitis
21.Superinfection - ANSWER microbes that were once small in number can
begin to overgrow and cause disease Superinfection examples: Urinary tract
, infection caused by E. coli treated with antibiotics, Antibiotic-associated
colitis
22.Discuss the importance of an antimicrobial stewardship program. - ANSWER
Development, promotion, and implementation of activities to ensure
the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents
23.Synergy - ANSWER activity of combination substantially greater than
single most active drug. ENHANCED
24.Additive - ANSWER activity of combination is equal to sum effect of the
two drugs. EQUAL
25.Indifference - ANSWER activity of combination is no better or worse
than the single most active drug alone
26.Antagonism - ANSWER activity of combination is substantially less than
activity of single most active drug alone (i.e., 1 antibiotic interferes with the
other). INHIBITIVE
27.Outcomes of synergy testings - ANSWER additive, indifference,
antagonism, synergy
28.Disk Diffusion - KB - ANSWER Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion, Qualitative
results - Susceptible, Intermediate, Resistant
Conceptual Actual Frequently Tested
Exam Questions With Reviewed 100%
Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update!!
1. Homogenous - ANSWER entire bacterial population expressing
resistance
2. Heterogeneous - ANSWER some bacteria in population express
resistance like MRSA
3. Describe treatment strategies for biofilms. - ANSWER Treat with
Daptomycin, Interrupting quorum sensing pathways, Adding DNAse to
antibiotics aids penetration through extracellular debris, Impregnating
devices with antibiotics prior to insertion to prevent colonization
4. β-Lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) - ANSWER Prevent the degradation of β-
lactam antibiotics, Extends the range of bacteria the β-lactam antibiotics
are effective against, Important in treating Gram-negative bacterial
infections
5. 3 B-Lactamase Inhibitors. - ANSWER Clavulanic acid or clavulanate,
Sulbactam, Tazobactam
,6. Alternate name Clavulanic acid or clavulanate - ANSWER - amoxicillin -
augmentin
7. Alternate name Sulbactam - ANSWER - ampicillin - unasyn
8. Alternate name Tazobactam - ANSWER - piperacillin - zosyn
9. List 5 novel antimicrobial strategies that are under investigation - ANSWER
1. RNA Interference: shut down metabolism 2. Defense peptides 3.
CRISPR - package in a phage to infect and destroy pathogen, 4. Drugs from
undiscovered bacteria, 5. Bacteriophages: bacteriophage selected that
target specific bacteria (ex Acinetobacter - MDR resistance)
10.Nanoparticles - ANSWER Less than 100 nm in size, Nanomaterial can be
loaded with - Drugs, Biomolecule diagnostic tools, Contrasting agents.
11.Probiotics - ANSWER live microorganisms to improve intestinal biota,
replace microbes lost during antimicrobial therapy
12.Prebiotics - ANSWER nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial
microbes in the intestine
,13.Fecal transplants - ANSWER Used to treat recurrent Clostridiodes
difficile infection and ulcerative colitis, Transfer of feces from a healthy
patient via colonoscopy or orally
14.Penicillin G reaction - ANSWER rash, hives, watery eyes
15.Carbenicillin reaction - ANSWER abnormal bleeding
16.Sulfonamides reaction - ANSWER information of crytals in kidney,
blockage of urine flow, hemolysis, reduction in RBC counts
17.Cephalosporins reaction - ANSWER inhibition of PLT function, decreased
circulation of WBCs, nephritis
18.Polymyxin (colisitin) reaction - ANSWER kidney damage, weakened
muscular responses
19.Quinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin) reaction - ANSWER headache,
dizziness, tremors, GI distress
20.Rifampin reaction - ANSWER damage to hepatic cells, dermatitis
21.Superinfection - ANSWER microbes that were once small in number can
begin to overgrow and cause disease Superinfection examples: Urinary tract
, infection caused by E. coli treated with antibiotics, Antibiotic-associated
colitis
22.Discuss the importance of an antimicrobial stewardship program. - ANSWER
Development, promotion, and implementation of activities to ensure
the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents
23.Synergy - ANSWER activity of combination substantially greater than
single most active drug. ENHANCED
24.Additive - ANSWER activity of combination is equal to sum effect of the
two drugs. EQUAL
25.Indifference - ANSWER activity of combination is no better or worse
than the single most active drug alone
26.Antagonism - ANSWER activity of combination is substantially less than
activity of single most active drug alone (i.e., 1 antibiotic interferes with the
other). INHIBITIVE
27.Outcomes of synergy testings - ANSWER additive, indifference,
antagonism, synergy
28.Disk Diffusion - KB - ANSWER Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion, Qualitative
results - Susceptible, Intermediate, Resistant
