Campbell Biology Chapter 1 Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Evolution - -Evolution is the process of translated into proteins and instead function as
change that has transformed life on Earth RNAs.
DNA - -Deoxyribonucleic acid: a long linear Genome - -The genetic material of an
polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and organism or virus; the complete complement of
formed from nucleotides and shaped like a an organism's or virus's genes along with its
double helix noncoding nucleic acid sequences.
Emergent properties - -New properties that Biosphere - -The entire portion of Earth
arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet's
life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of ecosystems.
parts as complexity increases.
Ecosystems - -All the organisms in a given
Systems Biology - -An approach to area as well as the abiotic factors with which they
studying biology that aims to model the dynamic interact; one or more communities and the
behavior of whole biological systems based on a physical environment around them
study of the interactions among the system's
parts.
Community - -All the organisms that inhabit
a particular area; an assemblage of populations
Eukaryotic Cell - -A type of cell with a of different species living close enough together
membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane- for potential interaction.
enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic
cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are
called eukaryotes. Population - -A group of individuals of the
same species that live in the same area and
interbreed, producing fertile offspring.
Prokaryotic Cell - -A type of cell lacking a
membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-
enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic Organism - -a creature such as a plant,
cells (bacteria and archaea) are called animal or a single-celled life form, or something
prokaryotes. that has interdependent parts and that is being
compared to a living creature
Gene - -A discrete unit of hereditary
information consisting of a specific nucleotide Organs - -A specialized center of body
sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). function composed of several different types of
tissues.
Gene expression - -The process by which
information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis Organ Systems - -A group of organs that
of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not work together in performing vital body functions.
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, Campbell Biology Chapter 1 Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Data - -Recorded observations.
Tissues - -An integrated group of cells with
a common structure, function, or both. Ex.
muscle or nervous Hypothesis - -A testable explanation for a
set of observations based on the available data
and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis
Organelles - -Any of several membrane- is narrower in scope than a theory.
enclosed structures with specialized functions,
suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
molecules that are arranged into minute Deductive Reasoning - -A type of logic in
structures, crucial functional components of cells which specific results are predicted from a
(cellulose, plasma membrane) general premise.
Molecule - -Two or more atoms held Controlled Experiment - -An experiment in
together by covalent bonds. which an experimental group is compared with a
control group that varies only in the factor being
tested.
Negative Feedback - -A form of regulation
in which accumulation of an end product of a
process slows the process; in physiology, a Dependent Variable - -It is something that
primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a depends on other factors.
change in a variable triggers a response that
counteracts the initial change.
Independent Variable - -It is a variable that
stands alone and isn't changed by the other
Positive Feedback - -A form of regulation variables you are trying to measure.
in which an end product of a process speeds up
that process; in physiology, a control mechanism
in which a change in a variable triggers a Theory - -An explanation that is broader in
response that reinforces or amplifies the change. scope than a hypothesis, generates new
hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of
evidence.
Adaptation - -Inherited characteristic of an
organism that enhances its survival and
reproduction in a specific environment. What are the 7 Characteristics of Life? - -1.
Order
2. Regulation
Inductive Reasoning - -Induction moves 3. Energy Processing
from a set of specific observations (humans 4. Evolutionary Adaptation
require organic molecules, fish require organic 5. Response to the Environment
molecules) to reach a general conclusion (all 6. Reproduction
animals require organic molecules 7. Growth and Development
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Evolution - -Evolution is the process of translated into proteins and instead function as
change that has transformed life on Earth RNAs.
DNA - -Deoxyribonucleic acid: a long linear Genome - -The genetic material of an
polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and organism or virus; the complete complement of
formed from nucleotides and shaped like a an organism's or virus's genes along with its
double helix noncoding nucleic acid sequences.
Emergent properties - -New properties that Biosphere - -The entire portion of Earth
arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet's
life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of ecosystems.
parts as complexity increases.
Ecosystems - -All the organisms in a given
Systems Biology - -An approach to area as well as the abiotic factors with which they
studying biology that aims to model the dynamic interact; one or more communities and the
behavior of whole biological systems based on a physical environment around them
study of the interactions among the system's
parts.
Community - -All the organisms that inhabit
a particular area; an assemblage of populations
Eukaryotic Cell - -A type of cell with a of different species living close enough together
membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane- for potential interaction.
enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic
cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are
called eukaryotes. Population - -A group of individuals of the
same species that live in the same area and
interbreed, producing fertile offspring.
Prokaryotic Cell - -A type of cell lacking a
membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-
enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic Organism - -a creature such as a plant,
cells (bacteria and archaea) are called animal or a single-celled life form, or something
prokaryotes. that has interdependent parts and that is being
compared to a living creature
Gene - -A discrete unit of hereditary
information consisting of a specific nucleotide Organs - -A specialized center of body
sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). function composed of several different types of
tissues.
Gene expression - -The process by which
information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis Organ Systems - -A group of organs that
of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not work together in performing vital body functions.
1/6
, Campbell Biology Chapter 1 Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Data - -Recorded observations.
Tissues - -An integrated group of cells with
a common structure, function, or both. Ex.
muscle or nervous Hypothesis - -A testable explanation for a
set of observations based on the available data
and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis
Organelles - -Any of several membrane- is narrower in scope than a theory.
enclosed structures with specialized functions,
suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
molecules that are arranged into minute Deductive Reasoning - -A type of logic in
structures, crucial functional components of cells which specific results are predicted from a
(cellulose, plasma membrane) general premise.
Molecule - -Two or more atoms held Controlled Experiment - -An experiment in
together by covalent bonds. which an experimental group is compared with a
control group that varies only in the factor being
tested.
Negative Feedback - -A form of regulation
in which accumulation of an end product of a
process slows the process; in physiology, a Dependent Variable - -It is something that
primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a depends on other factors.
change in a variable triggers a response that
counteracts the initial change.
Independent Variable - -It is a variable that
stands alone and isn't changed by the other
Positive Feedback - -A form of regulation variables you are trying to measure.
in which an end product of a process speeds up
that process; in physiology, a control mechanism
in which a change in a variable triggers a Theory - -An explanation that is broader in
response that reinforces or amplifies the change. scope than a hypothesis, generates new
hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of
evidence.
Adaptation - -Inherited characteristic of an
organism that enhances its survival and
reproduction in a specific environment. What are the 7 Characteristics of Life? - -1.
Order
2. Regulation
Inductive Reasoning - -Induction moves 3. Energy Processing
from a set of specific observations (humans 4. Evolutionary Adaptation
require organic molecules, fish require organic 5. Response to the Environment
molecules) to reach a general conclusion (all 6. Reproduction
animals require organic molecules 7. Growth and Development
2/6
