VTNE Ultimate Study Guide LATEST EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS|LATEST 2025
the oculocardiac reflex means when the intraocular pressure increases, the heart rate ____.
-CORRECT ANSWER-decreases
which breathing system has the highest fresh gas flow rate? -CORRECT ANSWER-
nonrebreathing
guiafenesin and thiopental should only be given in an IVC because -CORRECT ANSWER-both
are very caustic to tissues if accidentally given perivascularly
do not use what drug with head trauma patients? why? -CORRECT ANSWER-ketamine,
because ketamine increase IOP and head trauma patients already have increased IOP
A high solubility gas is absorbed into the body tissues most readily which results in a slow
anesthetic induction and slow recovery. What is an example of this type of gas? -CORRECT
ANSWER-methoxylflurane
most patients use what anesthetic dial to reach surgical plane? -CORRECT ANSWER-1.5 X
MAC
this class of drugs can cause seizures in high doses -CORRECT ANSWER-dissosciatives
(ketamine and tiletamine)
never give these drugs to seizure patients -CORRECT ANSWER-acepromazine
ketamine
xylazine
tiletamine
,never give this drugs to asthma patients or sighthounds -CORRECT ANSWER-thiopental
never give these drugs to patients with high IOP -CORRECT ANSWER-morphine
ketamine
what drugs treat seizures -CORRECT ANSWER-diazepam
phenobarbital
acepromazine may cause/be used as what? -CORRECT ANSWER-vasodilation
anti-emetic
sedative
muscle relaxer
anti-arrhythmic
E tank has 2200 PSI, how any Liters? -CORRECT ANSWER-2200 X 0.3 = 660 L (E is not as far in
the alphabet, so you multiply by the smaller number)
H tank has 2200 PSI, how many Liters? -CORRECT ANSWER-2200 X 3.0 = 6600 L (H is farther
in the alphabet, so you multiply by the bigger number)
path of conduction system of the heart? -CORRECT ANSWER-SA node... AV node... Bundle of
His... Purkinje Fibers... ventricles
increasing ISO exposure decreases what? -CORRECT ANSWER-GI motility and Cardiac Output
which teeth roots cause sinusitis? -CORRECT ANSWER-p4, m1, m2, m3
Horse dental formula -CORRECT ANSWER-2(3/3 I 1/1 C 3/3 P 3/3 M) = 36
,cow/ sheep/ goat dental formula -CORRECT ANSWER-2(0/3 I 0/1 C 3/3 P 3/3 M) = 32
pig dental formula -CORRECT ANSWER-2(3/3 I 1/1 C 4/4 P 3/3 M) = 44
dog dental formula -CORRECT ANSWER-2(3/3 I 1/1 C 4/4 P 2/3 M) = 42
cat dental formula -CORRECT ANSWER-2(3/3 I 1/1 C 3/2 P 1/1 M) = 30
most oral tumors in cats are what? oral tumors in dogs? -CORRECT ANSWER-squamous Cell
Carcinoma in Cats, melanoma in dogs
wolf teeth -CORRECT ANSWER-Premolar #1
class 1 malocclussion -CORRECT ANSWER-lanced canines, cross bites
class 2 malocclusion -CORRECT ANSWER-maxillary prognathism , mandibular
brachygnathism (overbite)
class 3 malocclusion -CORRECT ANSWER-mandibular prognathism, maxillary brachygnathism
(underbite) *Normal in brachycephalics
piezoelectric scalers benefit? sonic scalers benefit? -CORRECT ANSWER-piezoelectric= least
traumatic
sonic= least amount of heat
occlusal technique is used for -CORRECT ANSWER-high surface areas, evaluating nasal dz,
identifying tooth remnants
parrallell rad technique is used for -CORRECT ANSWER-mandibular molars and premolars
, bisecting angle technique is used for -CORRECT ANSWER-literally anything else
periodontal disease stage 1 -CORRECT ANSWER-gingivitis; monitor care at home
periodontal disease stage 2 -CORRECT ANSWER-<25% attachment loss, mild periodontitis;
root debridement, subgingival curretage
periodontal disease stage 3 -CORRECT ANSWER-25-50% attachment loss, moderate
periodontitis; root debridement, gingival curretage, PD surgery
periodontal disease stage 4 -CORRECT ANSWER->50% attachment loss, severe periodontitis;
complete tooth extraction
tooth resorption occurs in ___ % of cats at what area -CORRECT ANSWER-70%, at the neck
mobility scoring -CORRECT ANSWER-M0 normal up to 0.2mm
M1 0.2-0.55mm
M2 0.5-1.0mm
M3 >1.0mm
bisecting angle technique -CORRECT ANSWER-see pic
parallel technique -CORRECT ANSWER-see pic
tooth anatomy -CORRECT ANSWER-see pic
antifreeze affects which organ -CORRECT ANSWER-kidney
ANSWERS|LATEST 2025
the oculocardiac reflex means when the intraocular pressure increases, the heart rate ____.
-CORRECT ANSWER-decreases
which breathing system has the highest fresh gas flow rate? -CORRECT ANSWER-
nonrebreathing
guiafenesin and thiopental should only be given in an IVC because -CORRECT ANSWER-both
are very caustic to tissues if accidentally given perivascularly
do not use what drug with head trauma patients? why? -CORRECT ANSWER-ketamine,
because ketamine increase IOP and head trauma patients already have increased IOP
A high solubility gas is absorbed into the body tissues most readily which results in a slow
anesthetic induction and slow recovery. What is an example of this type of gas? -CORRECT
ANSWER-methoxylflurane
most patients use what anesthetic dial to reach surgical plane? -CORRECT ANSWER-1.5 X
MAC
this class of drugs can cause seizures in high doses -CORRECT ANSWER-dissosciatives
(ketamine and tiletamine)
never give these drugs to seizure patients -CORRECT ANSWER-acepromazine
ketamine
xylazine
tiletamine
,never give this drugs to asthma patients or sighthounds -CORRECT ANSWER-thiopental
never give these drugs to patients with high IOP -CORRECT ANSWER-morphine
ketamine
what drugs treat seizures -CORRECT ANSWER-diazepam
phenobarbital
acepromazine may cause/be used as what? -CORRECT ANSWER-vasodilation
anti-emetic
sedative
muscle relaxer
anti-arrhythmic
E tank has 2200 PSI, how any Liters? -CORRECT ANSWER-2200 X 0.3 = 660 L (E is not as far in
the alphabet, so you multiply by the smaller number)
H tank has 2200 PSI, how many Liters? -CORRECT ANSWER-2200 X 3.0 = 6600 L (H is farther
in the alphabet, so you multiply by the bigger number)
path of conduction system of the heart? -CORRECT ANSWER-SA node... AV node... Bundle of
His... Purkinje Fibers... ventricles
increasing ISO exposure decreases what? -CORRECT ANSWER-GI motility and Cardiac Output
which teeth roots cause sinusitis? -CORRECT ANSWER-p4, m1, m2, m3
Horse dental formula -CORRECT ANSWER-2(3/3 I 1/1 C 3/3 P 3/3 M) = 36
,cow/ sheep/ goat dental formula -CORRECT ANSWER-2(0/3 I 0/1 C 3/3 P 3/3 M) = 32
pig dental formula -CORRECT ANSWER-2(3/3 I 1/1 C 4/4 P 3/3 M) = 44
dog dental formula -CORRECT ANSWER-2(3/3 I 1/1 C 4/4 P 2/3 M) = 42
cat dental formula -CORRECT ANSWER-2(3/3 I 1/1 C 3/2 P 1/1 M) = 30
most oral tumors in cats are what? oral tumors in dogs? -CORRECT ANSWER-squamous Cell
Carcinoma in Cats, melanoma in dogs
wolf teeth -CORRECT ANSWER-Premolar #1
class 1 malocclussion -CORRECT ANSWER-lanced canines, cross bites
class 2 malocclusion -CORRECT ANSWER-maxillary prognathism , mandibular
brachygnathism (overbite)
class 3 malocclusion -CORRECT ANSWER-mandibular prognathism, maxillary brachygnathism
(underbite) *Normal in brachycephalics
piezoelectric scalers benefit? sonic scalers benefit? -CORRECT ANSWER-piezoelectric= least
traumatic
sonic= least amount of heat
occlusal technique is used for -CORRECT ANSWER-high surface areas, evaluating nasal dz,
identifying tooth remnants
parrallell rad technique is used for -CORRECT ANSWER-mandibular molars and premolars
, bisecting angle technique is used for -CORRECT ANSWER-literally anything else
periodontal disease stage 1 -CORRECT ANSWER-gingivitis; monitor care at home
periodontal disease stage 2 -CORRECT ANSWER-<25% attachment loss, mild periodontitis;
root debridement, subgingival curretage
periodontal disease stage 3 -CORRECT ANSWER-25-50% attachment loss, moderate
periodontitis; root debridement, gingival curretage, PD surgery
periodontal disease stage 4 -CORRECT ANSWER->50% attachment loss, severe periodontitis;
complete tooth extraction
tooth resorption occurs in ___ % of cats at what area -CORRECT ANSWER-70%, at the neck
mobility scoring -CORRECT ANSWER-M0 normal up to 0.2mm
M1 0.2-0.55mm
M2 0.5-1.0mm
M3 >1.0mm
bisecting angle technique -CORRECT ANSWER-see pic
parallel technique -CORRECT ANSWER-see pic
tooth anatomy -CORRECT ANSWER-see pic
antifreeze affects which organ -CORRECT ANSWER-kidney
