Biology 1202 Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_htksvi
1. water leaves the cell faster than it enters: inside a "cell" you construct, you place a 1M sugar
solution. you place the cell in a 2M sugar solution. what happens?
2. osmosis: the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
3. low, high: water moves from an area where solute concentration is ______ to an area where solute concentration
is ______
4. molarity: Osmolarity solute concentration expressed as _______. (moles/L)
5. osmoconformers: isotonic to their surroundings, do not regulate the osmolarity
6. osmoregulators: use energy to control uptake and loss of water
7. marine bony fishes: hypoosmotic to sea water, lose water by osmosis
8. freshwater bony fishes: hyperosmotic to freshwater, constantly gain water by osmosis
9. filtration: pressure filtering of body fluids producing filtrate
10. reabsorption: reclaiming valuable solutes from filtrate
11. secretion: addition of toxins and other solutes from body fluids to filtrate
12. concentration: the removal of water from urine before it exits the kidney
13. excretion: filtrate leaves the system
14. water balance and salt regulation: the kidneys are the principle site of ______ and ______ in the
mammalian excretory system
15. kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra: structures of the human urinary system
16. nephron: the ______ is organized for stepwise processing of blood filtrate
17. bowman's capsule: cuplike structure that contains a capillary glomerulus (collection of capillaries)
18. tubule: proximal; loop of henle; distal
19. collecting duct: collects fluid from many nephrons, deposits it in the renal pelvis
20. blood pressure: ______ drives filtration from the blood through glomerular walls
21. filtrate: ______ is deposited into bowman's capsule
22. NaCl and urea: contribute to the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid
23. loop of henle: 2 distinct limbs with entirely different permeability characteristics
24. countercurrent multiplier system: energy is expended in active transport to facilitate exchange of
materials and create concentration gradients
25. increases: as the filtrate flows downward, the concentration ______ as water leaves
26. the same: at the bottom of the loop, the concentration of the filtrate and the outside blood are ______
27. water: the ascending limb is permeable to NaCl, but not to ______
28. NaCl: as the filtrate flows upward, ______ diffuses, then is actively transported out of the tubule
1/9
, Biology 1202 Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_htksvi
29. countercurrent multiplier system: this creates a large ion gradient outside the tubule called
______
30. Na+, Cl-, and urea: what solutes contribute to the hyperosmolarity of the interstitial fluid in the mammalian
kidney?
31. osmolarity: ADH does not increase ____________, it just helps reabsorb water so you don't loose it all in your
kidneys
32. antidiuretic hormone (ADH): negative feedback system that works when blood osmolarity changes,
a reflection of level of hydration
33. antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Causes more water to come out of the filtrate and reabsorbed by
circulatory system and keeps more water in your body
34. collecting duct: _________ have receptors for ADH in kidneys
35. renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS): negative feedback system that works when
blood volume changes, but not osmolarity
36. alcohol: ______ is an ADH inhibitor
37. ADH: ______ tells the body to conserve water
38. blood volume changes: Negative feedback system that works when _______________, but not osmo-
larity
39. RAAS, sudden drop in blood pressure: rein-angiotensin-aldosterone system
40. maintaining blood pressure: RASS works in
41. osmolarity in blood: ADH is related to what
42. ADH and RAAS: _____ systems are complementary and both contribute to whats going on in our blood
43. alcohol causes the release of endorphins from the brain. the endorphins
inhibit ADH release: a diuretic is any substance that causes an increase in urine output. which of the following
can explain why alcohol acts as a diuretic?
44. no longer contains organic nutrients: how does the filtrate arriving at the top of the descending
loop of hence differ from glomerular filtrate in the Bowman's capsule?
45. water and small dissolved molecules: glomerular capillary walls are permeable to: (2)
46. creating pressure that causes filtration- larger diameter going in, smaller
vessel coming out causes pressure that aid in filtration: the blood vessel leaving the
glomerulus has a smaller diameter than the blood vessel entering it. this had an effect on
47. protonephridium- flatworm: which of the following mechanisms for osmoregulation or nitrogen
removal is correctly paired with its corresponding animal?
2/9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_htksvi
1. water leaves the cell faster than it enters: inside a "cell" you construct, you place a 1M sugar
solution. you place the cell in a 2M sugar solution. what happens?
2. osmosis: the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
3. low, high: water moves from an area where solute concentration is ______ to an area where solute concentration
is ______
4. molarity: Osmolarity solute concentration expressed as _______. (moles/L)
5. osmoconformers: isotonic to their surroundings, do not regulate the osmolarity
6. osmoregulators: use energy to control uptake and loss of water
7. marine bony fishes: hypoosmotic to sea water, lose water by osmosis
8. freshwater bony fishes: hyperosmotic to freshwater, constantly gain water by osmosis
9. filtration: pressure filtering of body fluids producing filtrate
10. reabsorption: reclaiming valuable solutes from filtrate
11. secretion: addition of toxins and other solutes from body fluids to filtrate
12. concentration: the removal of water from urine before it exits the kidney
13. excretion: filtrate leaves the system
14. water balance and salt regulation: the kidneys are the principle site of ______ and ______ in the
mammalian excretory system
15. kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra: structures of the human urinary system
16. nephron: the ______ is organized for stepwise processing of blood filtrate
17. bowman's capsule: cuplike structure that contains a capillary glomerulus (collection of capillaries)
18. tubule: proximal; loop of henle; distal
19. collecting duct: collects fluid from many nephrons, deposits it in the renal pelvis
20. blood pressure: ______ drives filtration from the blood through glomerular walls
21. filtrate: ______ is deposited into bowman's capsule
22. NaCl and urea: contribute to the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid
23. loop of henle: 2 distinct limbs with entirely different permeability characteristics
24. countercurrent multiplier system: energy is expended in active transport to facilitate exchange of
materials and create concentration gradients
25. increases: as the filtrate flows downward, the concentration ______ as water leaves
26. the same: at the bottom of the loop, the concentration of the filtrate and the outside blood are ______
27. water: the ascending limb is permeable to NaCl, but not to ______
28. NaCl: as the filtrate flows upward, ______ diffuses, then is actively transported out of the tubule
1/9
, Biology 1202 Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_htksvi
29. countercurrent multiplier system: this creates a large ion gradient outside the tubule called
______
30. Na+, Cl-, and urea: what solutes contribute to the hyperosmolarity of the interstitial fluid in the mammalian
kidney?
31. osmolarity: ADH does not increase ____________, it just helps reabsorb water so you don't loose it all in your
kidneys
32. antidiuretic hormone (ADH): negative feedback system that works when blood osmolarity changes,
a reflection of level of hydration
33. antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Causes more water to come out of the filtrate and reabsorbed by
circulatory system and keeps more water in your body
34. collecting duct: _________ have receptors for ADH in kidneys
35. renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS): negative feedback system that works when
blood volume changes, but not osmolarity
36. alcohol: ______ is an ADH inhibitor
37. ADH: ______ tells the body to conserve water
38. blood volume changes: Negative feedback system that works when _______________, but not osmo-
larity
39. RAAS, sudden drop in blood pressure: rein-angiotensin-aldosterone system
40. maintaining blood pressure: RASS works in
41. osmolarity in blood: ADH is related to what
42. ADH and RAAS: _____ systems are complementary and both contribute to whats going on in our blood
43. alcohol causes the release of endorphins from the brain. the endorphins
inhibit ADH release: a diuretic is any substance that causes an increase in urine output. which of the following
can explain why alcohol acts as a diuretic?
44. no longer contains organic nutrients: how does the filtrate arriving at the top of the descending
loop of hence differ from glomerular filtrate in the Bowman's capsule?
45. water and small dissolved molecules: glomerular capillary walls are permeable to: (2)
46. creating pressure that causes filtration- larger diameter going in, smaller
vessel coming out causes pressure that aid in filtration: the blood vessel leaving the
glomerulus has a smaller diameter than the blood vessel entering it. this had an effect on
47. protonephridium- flatworm: which of the following mechanisms for osmoregulation or nitrogen
removal is correctly paired with its corresponding animal?
2/9
