ocean 100 sacramentogrilo exam 1 Questions and Answers
science - -study of the physical, natural world through observations & experiments
-scientific method - -principles & empirical processes of discovery & demonstration
considered characteristic of/ necessary for scientific investigation
-what are the steps of the scientific method? - -(1) observation
(2) hypothesis
(3) testing/experimenting
(4) theory
-hypothesis - -idea proposed to explain 1 or more facts; must be testable & potentially
false
-scientific theory - -structure of ideas that explains a large, diverse number of facts
-what are the 3 factors of scientific theory? - -(1) supported by abundant evidence
(2) rigorously tested
(3) parsimonious (most efficient, simplest explanation)
-what are some examples of scientific theory? - -- plate tectonics (geology)
- evolution (biology)
- gravity, relativity (physics)
- big bang (astronomy)
-what are the fields involved in oceanography? - -(1) geology
(2) geography
(3) biology
(4) chemistry
(5) physics
(6) astronomy
(7) engineering
-what are some examples involving geology? - -seafloor tectonics, coastal processes,
sediments, hydrologic cycle
-what are some examples involving geography? - -wind belts, weather, coastal landforms,
world climate
-what are some examples involving biology? - -fisheries, ecological surveys, microbiology,
marine adaptions
-what are some examples involving chemistry? - -dissolved components, temperature
dependence, stratification/density, chemical tracers
, -what are some examples involving physics? - -currents, waves, sonar, thermal properties
of water
-what are some examples involving astronomy? - -tidal forces, oceans on other planets,
origin of water, origin of life
-what are some examples involving engineering? - -machinery used by scientists to
explore the deep-ocean floor
-what are the earth's 4 spheres? - -(1) lithosphere
(2) asthenosphere
(3) mesosphere
(4) outer & inner core
-cross-sectional view - -side view (ex. cutting a cake, able to see its layers)
-map view - -bird's eye view,
-block diagram - -3-d view
-mercator projection - -2-d depiction of spherical earth; lands towards poles are
magnified/distorted
-what are the 5 oceans? - -(1) pacific
(2) atlantic
(3) indian
(4) arctic
(5) antarctic
-which ocean is the largest & deepest? why? - -pacific; has the most trenches (ex. mariana
trench)
-which ocean is the shallowest? why? - -arctic; heavily surrounded by wide, continental
shelves
-what percentage of the earth's surface is ocean? - -71%
-what percentage of water on earth is ocean (salt/saline water)? - -97%; other 3% (fresh
water) are found in ice caps, lakes, & rivers
-what is the average depth of oceans? - -3,800m (12,500ft)
-how old is the oldest sea floor? - -180my old
-what is the average temperature of oceans? - -4°C (38°F)
science - -study of the physical, natural world through observations & experiments
-scientific method - -principles & empirical processes of discovery & demonstration
considered characteristic of/ necessary for scientific investigation
-what are the steps of the scientific method? - -(1) observation
(2) hypothesis
(3) testing/experimenting
(4) theory
-hypothesis - -idea proposed to explain 1 or more facts; must be testable & potentially
false
-scientific theory - -structure of ideas that explains a large, diverse number of facts
-what are the 3 factors of scientific theory? - -(1) supported by abundant evidence
(2) rigorously tested
(3) parsimonious (most efficient, simplest explanation)
-what are some examples of scientific theory? - -- plate tectonics (geology)
- evolution (biology)
- gravity, relativity (physics)
- big bang (astronomy)
-what are the fields involved in oceanography? - -(1) geology
(2) geography
(3) biology
(4) chemistry
(5) physics
(6) astronomy
(7) engineering
-what are some examples involving geology? - -seafloor tectonics, coastal processes,
sediments, hydrologic cycle
-what are some examples involving geography? - -wind belts, weather, coastal landforms,
world climate
-what are some examples involving biology? - -fisheries, ecological surveys, microbiology,
marine adaptions
-what are some examples involving chemistry? - -dissolved components, temperature
dependence, stratification/density, chemical tracers
, -what are some examples involving physics? - -currents, waves, sonar, thermal properties
of water
-what are some examples involving astronomy? - -tidal forces, oceans on other planets,
origin of water, origin of life
-what are some examples involving engineering? - -machinery used by scientists to
explore the deep-ocean floor
-what are the earth's 4 spheres? - -(1) lithosphere
(2) asthenosphere
(3) mesosphere
(4) outer & inner core
-cross-sectional view - -side view (ex. cutting a cake, able to see its layers)
-map view - -bird's eye view,
-block diagram - -3-d view
-mercator projection - -2-d depiction of spherical earth; lands towards poles are
magnified/distorted
-what are the 5 oceans? - -(1) pacific
(2) atlantic
(3) indian
(4) arctic
(5) antarctic
-which ocean is the largest & deepest? why? - -pacific; has the most trenches (ex. mariana
trench)
-which ocean is the shallowest? why? - -arctic; heavily surrounded by wide, continental
shelves
-what percentage of the earth's surface is ocean? - -71%
-what percentage of water on earth is ocean (salt/saline water)? - -97%; other 3% (fresh
water) are found in ice caps, lakes, & rivers
-what is the average depth of oceans? - -3,800m (12,500ft)
-how old is the oldest sea floor? - -180my old
-what is the average temperature of oceans? - -4°C (38°F)
