Oceans 100 Exam 1 SDSU |88 Questions and Answers
SCIENCE - -supports the explanation of the natural world that best explains all available
observations (What is the basis of science? NEEDS EVIDENCE)
-SCIENTIFIC METHOD - -The process by which scientists take data from natural world and
try to answer questions.
-HYPOTHESIS - -A tentative, testable statement about the general phenomena observed
OR an initial idea of how, or why things happen in nature.
-SCIENTIFIC THEORY - -Structure of ideas that explain a wide range of observations from
our natural world *additional facts about the scientific theory: rigorously tested,
parsimonious, and includes evidence
-The fields in Oceanography - -Geology, Physics, Biology, Astronomy, Chemistry,
Geography
-Geology - -Plate tectonics, rock types, sediment, dating of ocean floor
-Physics - -Relativity
-Biology - -Evolution by natural selection
-Astronomy - -Gravity
-Chemistry - -ph Levels of Ocean
-Geography - -PANGEA
-The Earth's 4 spheres - -Atmosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere
-ATMOSPHERE - -air that surrounds the earth; layer of gases
-BIOSPHERE - -all living organisms on earth
-LITHOSPHERE - -uppermost rigid, outer part of earth [crust and upper mantle
specifically]
-HYDROSPHERE - -all water on earth's surface
-Cross Sectional - -view from side, as if feature were cut along a vertical plane
-Block Diagram - -three dimensional view
, -Mercator Map Projection - -the typical, flat map we see, also exaggerated at the poles
-ARCTIC - -shallowest. why? because it has the most continental shelves.
-ANTARCTIC - -
-INDIAN - -
-ATLANTIC - -
-PACIFIC - -largest + deepest. why? because it has the most trenches.
--average depth of ocean - -3,800 meters
--age of seafloor - -180 million years old
--oldest + Deepest - -= Mariana Trench (11,000 meters)
--average temperature - -4ºC | 38º F. why? b/c the sun only affects first 200 meters
-Age of ocean - -4 billion years old
-Most abundant elements in the ocean - -oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, chloride
-ENERGY - -capacity to do work
-2 Types of Energy - -Kinetic energy & heat energy
-KINETIC - -movement of motion with anything that has a mass and speed
-HEAT - -movement from heat to cold through kinetic energy
-Thermal Expansion - -if water is: warm, density is: less, energy is: high, where:
equatorial/subequatorial regions
-Thermal Contraction - -if water is: cold, density is: high, energy is: low, where:
polar/subpolar regions
-Sources of heat energy on Earth - -Solar and Geothermal
-SOLAR - -affects processes such as photosynthesis, heats oceans, and creates the weather
-GEOTHERMAL - -energy derived from the heat in the interior of the earth (EX; magma
chambers)
SCIENCE - -supports the explanation of the natural world that best explains all available
observations (What is the basis of science? NEEDS EVIDENCE)
-SCIENTIFIC METHOD - -The process by which scientists take data from natural world and
try to answer questions.
-HYPOTHESIS - -A tentative, testable statement about the general phenomena observed
OR an initial idea of how, or why things happen in nature.
-SCIENTIFIC THEORY - -Structure of ideas that explain a wide range of observations from
our natural world *additional facts about the scientific theory: rigorously tested,
parsimonious, and includes evidence
-The fields in Oceanography - -Geology, Physics, Biology, Astronomy, Chemistry,
Geography
-Geology - -Plate tectonics, rock types, sediment, dating of ocean floor
-Physics - -Relativity
-Biology - -Evolution by natural selection
-Astronomy - -Gravity
-Chemistry - -ph Levels of Ocean
-Geography - -PANGEA
-The Earth's 4 spheres - -Atmosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere
-ATMOSPHERE - -air that surrounds the earth; layer of gases
-BIOSPHERE - -all living organisms on earth
-LITHOSPHERE - -uppermost rigid, outer part of earth [crust and upper mantle
specifically]
-HYDROSPHERE - -all water on earth's surface
-Cross Sectional - -view from side, as if feature were cut along a vertical plane
-Block Diagram - -three dimensional view
, -Mercator Map Projection - -the typical, flat map we see, also exaggerated at the poles
-ARCTIC - -shallowest. why? because it has the most continental shelves.
-ANTARCTIC - -
-INDIAN - -
-ATLANTIC - -
-PACIFIC - -largest + deepest. why? because it has the most trenches.
--average depth of ocean - -3,800 meters
--age of seafloor - -180 million years old
--oldest + Deepest - -= Mariana Trench (11,000 meters)
--average temperature - -4ºC | 38º F. why? b/c the sun only affects first 200 meters
-Age of ocean - -4 billion years old
-Most abundant elements in the ocean - -oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, chloride
-ENERGY - -capacity to do work
-2 Types of Energy - -Kinetic energy & heat energy
-KINETIC - -movement of motion with anything that has a mass and speed
-HEAT - -movement from heat to cold through kinetic energy
-Thermal Expansion - -if water is: warm, density is: less, energy is: high, where:
equatorial/subequatorial regions
-Thermal Contraction - -if water is: cold, density is: high, energy is: low, where:
polar/subpolar regions
-Sources of heat energy on Earth - -Solar and Geothermal
-SOLAR - -affects processes such as photosynthesis, heats oceans, and creates the weather
-GEOTHERMAL - -energy derived from the heat in the interior of the earth (EX; magma
chambers)
