UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION – HUETHER,
MCCANCE & BRASHERS – COMPLETE TEST BANK WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES
Housekeeping genes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Essential genes active in all body cells.
Transcriptionally active - CORRECT ANSWERS-Genes that are continuously expressed in cells.
Prader-Willi syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS-Inherited from father; causes obesity and
mental retardation.
Angelman syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS-Inherited from mother; characterized by severe
mental retardation.
Chromosome 15 imprinting - CORRECT ANSWERS-Abnormal imprinting leads to Prader-Willi
or Angelman syndrome.
Neural stem cells - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cells that differentiate into functional neurons.
Ethanol impact - CORRECT ANSWERS-Impairment of neural stem cell differentiation into
neurons.
Metabolic absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cellular process of nutrient uptake for energy.
Cell adhesion molecules - CORRECT ANSWERS-Proteins that help cells stick to each other.
Glycoproteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Proteins with carbohydrate chains, marking cell identity.
Gap junction - CORRECT ANSWERS-Channels allowing communication between adjacent cells.
,Desmosome - CORRECT ANSWERS-Structure providing mechanical stability between cells.
Tight junction - CORRECT ANSWERS-Barrier preventing leakage between epithelial cells.
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWERS-Organelles responsible for cellular respiration.
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sites of protein synthesis within the cell.
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWERS-Fluid component of the cell, excluding nucleus.
Collagen - CORRECT ANSWERS-Structural protein in extracellular matrix, providing support.
Elastin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Protein allowing elasticity in tissues.
Alpha cells - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pancreatic cells that secrete glucagon.
Beta cells - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pancreatic cells that secrete insulin.
Paracrine signaling - CORRECT ANSWERS-Local chemical mediators quickly taken up or
destroyed.
Enzyme affinity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Each enzyme has high affinity for a substrate.
ATP deficiency - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lack of ATP impairs muscle contraction.
Citric acid cycle - CORRECT ANSWERS-Phase producing most ATP in catabolism.
,Phases of catabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, citric acid
cycle.
Anaerobic glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Occurs without oxygen for continued muscle
performance.
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of solute from high to low concentration.
Electrolytes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Electrically charged molecules essential for bodily
functions.
Oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Determined by concentration of plasma proteins.
Hydrostatic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Force of fluid against a cell membrane.
Active transport - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of molecules against a concentration
gradient.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Initial phase of glucose metabolism producing ATP.
Oxidation - CORRECT ANSWERS-Phase of catabolism involving electron transfer.
Muscle fatigue - CORRECT ANSWERS-Result of ATP depletion after strenuous exercise.
Substrate - CORRECT ANSWERS-Specific substance converted to product by enzyme.
Carbohydrate metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS-Process of breaking down carbohydrates for
energy.
, Fluid concentration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Measured in mOsm/kg for body fluids.
Colloid osmotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Another term for oncotic pressure.
Energy transfer - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mechanism by which nutrients convert to ATP.
Solute concentration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Refers to the amount of solute in a solution.
Metabolic absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS-Process of cells taking in nutrients.
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cellular process of converting nutrients to energy.
Osmolality - CORRECT ANSWERS-Concentration of molecules per weight of water.
Osmolarity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Concentration of molecules per volume of solution.
Osmotic Pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hydrostatic pressure opposing osmotic water
movement.
Oncotic Pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pressure from plasma proteins affecting fluid
movement.
Hydrostatic Pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pressure exerted by fluid in blood vessels.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Fluid movement from high to low concentration.
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS-Passive solute movement from high to low concentration.
MCCANCE & BRASHERS – COMPLETE TEST BANK WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES
Housekeeping genes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Essential genes active in all body cells.
Transcriptionally active - CORRECT ANSWERS-Genes that are continuously expressed in cells.
Prader-Willi syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS-Inherited from father; causes obesity and
mental retardation.
Angelman syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS-Inherited from mother; characterized by severe
mental retardation.
Chromosome 15 imprinting - CORRECT ANSWERS-Abnormal imprinting leads to Prader-Willi
or Angelman syndrome.
Neural stem cells - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cells that differentiate into functional neurons.
Ethanol impact - CORRECT ANSWERS-Impairment of neural stem cell differentiation into
neurons.
Metabolic absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cellular process of nutrient uptake for energy.
Cell adhesion molecules - CORRECT ANSWERS-Proteins that help cells stick to each other.
Glycoproteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Proteins with carbohydrate chains, marking cell identity.
Gap junction - CORRECT ANSWERS-Channels allowing communication between adjacent cells.
,Desmosome - CORRECT ANSWERS-Structure providing mechanical stability between cells.
Tight junction - CORRECT ANSWERS-Barrier preventing leakage between epithelial cells.
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWERS-Organelles responsible for cellular respiration.
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sites of protein synthesis within the cell.
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWERS-Fluid component of the cell, excluding nucleus.
Collagen - CORRECT ANSWERS-Structural protein in extracellular matrix, providing support.
Elastin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Protein allowing elasticity in tissues.
Alpha cells - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pancreatic cells that secrete glucagon.
Beta cells - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pancreatic cells that secrete insulin.
Paracrine signaling - CORRECT ANSWERS-Local chemical mediators quickly taken up or
destroyed.
Enzyme affinity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Each enzyme has high affinity for a substrate.
ATP deficiency - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lack of ATP impairs muscle contraction.
Citric acid cycle - CORRECT ANSWERS-Phase producing most ATP in catabolism.
,Phases of catabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, citric acid
cycle.
Anaerobic glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Occurs without oxygen for continued muscle
performance.
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of solute from high to low concentration.
Electrolytes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Electrically charged molecules essential for bodily
functions.
Oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Determined by concentration of plasma proteins.
Hydrostatic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Force of fluid against a cell membrane.
Active transport - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of molecules against a concentration
gradient.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Initial phase of glucose metabolism producing ATP.
Oxidation - CORRECT ANSWERS-Phase of catabolism involving electron transfer.
Muscle fatigue - CORRECT ANSWERS-Result of ATP depletion after strenuous exercise.
Substrate - CORRECT ANSWERS-Specific substance converted to product by enzyme.
Carbohydrate metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS-Process of breaking down carbohydrates for
energy.
, Fluid concentration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Measured in mOsm/kg for body fluids.
Colloid osmotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Another term for oncotic pressure.
Energy transfer - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mechanism by which nutrients convert to ATP.
Solute concentration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Refers to the amount of solute in a solution.
Metabolic absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS-Process of cells taking in nutrients.
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cellular process of converting nutrients to energy.
Osmolality - CORRECT ANSWERS-Concentration of molecules per weight of water.
Osmolarity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Concentration of molecules per volume of solution.
Osmotic Pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hydrostatic pressure opposing osmotic water
movement.
Oncotic Pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pressure from plasma proteins affecting fluid
movement.
Hydrostatic Pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pressure exerted by fluid in blood vessels.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Fluid movement from high to low concentration.
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS-Passive solute movement from high to low concentration.
