NSG 4067: APPLYING A NURSING MODEL FOR PROMOTING WELLNESS IN OLDER
ADULTS, 1
1. A nurse is using the Functional Consequences Theory as a lens for planning client care in a
health care facility. Which of the following is a key element of this nursing theory?
A) Most problems affecting older adults may be attributed to age-related changes.
B) Most functional consequences cannot be addressed through nursing interventions.
C) Wellness is a concept that is broader than just physiologic functioning.
D) The Functional Consequences Theory is an alternative to holistic nursing care.
Ans: C
Feedback:
Within the Functional Consequences Theory, wellness is a central concept that encompasses
more than the older adult's level of physiologic function. Most problems affecting older adults
are attributable to risk factors, even though age-related changes are indeed relevant and
inevitable. Functional consequences can usually be addressed by nursing interventions, and
holistic care is not an alternative to Functional Consequences Theory, but rather a component of
the theory.
2. A nurse is working with a 79-year-old client newly diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the
following interactions promotes achievement of wellness outcomes?
A) The nurse performs strength and mobility training appropriate to the client's age and
diagnosis.
B) The nurse teaches the client about bone density in older women and the role of vitamin D
and calcium intake.
C) The nurse plans interventions in light of the body–mind–spirit interconnectedness of the
client.
D) The nurse teaches the client about how her risk factors are a consequence of age.
Ans: B
Feedback:
Teaching about bone density and the role of vitamin D reflects an acknowledgment that the
client's diagnosis is attributable to both the client's age-related changes and risk factors such as
inadequate nutrient and mineral intake. Strength and mobility training may well be an
appropriate intervention, but it does not necessarily acknowledge the interplay of risk factors and
age in the client's diagnosis. The body–mind–spirit interconnectedness is a component of the
Functional Consequences Theory, but it does not address the relationship between risk factors
and age per se. Teaching about risk factors as a consequence of age implies that these factors are
an inevitable consequence of age, which is not the case.
, 3. A nurse is teaching a colleague about the difference between age-related changes and risk
factors. Which of the following examples should the nurse use when discussing age-related
changes?
A) An older adult with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
B) An older adult who is obese
C) An older adult with obstructive lung disease
D) An older adult with decreased bowel motility
Ans: D
Feedback:
Decreased bowel motility is an example of a phenomenon that is a normal consequence of the
aging process. Diabetes, obesity, and obstructive lung disease are all phenomena that may
constitute or exacerbate health problems for older adults, but they are not age-related changes.
4. A nurse determines risk factors for an 81-year-old client's plan of care. Which of the following
characteristics of the client would the nurse consider as a risk factor? (Select all that apply.)
A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Loss of bone density
C) Decreased vital lung capacity
D) Delayed gastric emptying
E) Digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity
Ans: A, E
Feedback:
Chronic bronchitis would be considered a pathologic process and risk factor for disease, rather
than an expected or inevitable age-related change. Adverse medication effects are also
considered risk factors. Loss of bone density, decreased vital lung capacity, and delayed gastric
emptying are all examples of normal, age-related changes.
5. A nurse is identifying positive functional consequences as part of the development of an older
client's care plan. Which of the following outcomes exemplifies the concept of positive
functional consequences for an older adult? (Select all that apply.)
A) The older adult with arthritis can walk 1 mile without pain.
B) The older adult who is overweight develops a plan to lose 2 lb a month.
C) The older adult has constipation from pain medication.
D) The older adult schedules cataract surgery.
Ans: A, B, D
Feedback:
ADULTS, 1
1. A nurse is using the Functional Consequences Theory as a lens for planning client care in a
health care facility. Which of the following is a key element of this nursing theory?
A) Most problems affecting older adults may be attributed to age-related changes.
B) Most functional consequences cannot be addressed through nursing interventions.
C) Wellness is a concept that is broader than just physiologic functioning.
D) The Functional Consequences Theory is an alternative to holistic nursing care.
Ans: C
Feedback:
Within the Functional Consequences Theory, wellness is a central concept that encompasses
more than the older adult's level of physiologic function. Most problems affecting older adults
are attributable to risk factors, even though age-related changes are indeed relevant and
inevitable. Functional consequences can usually be addressed by nursing interventions, and
holistic care is not an alternative to Functional Consequences Theory, but rather a component of
the theory.
2. A nurse is working with a 79-year-old client newly diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the
following interactions promotes achievement of wellness outcomes?
A) The nurse performs strength and mobility training appropriate to the client's age and
diagnosis.
B) The nurse teaches the client about bone density in older women and the role of vitamin D
and calcium intake.
C) The nurse plans interventions in light of the body–mind–spirit interconnectedness of the
client.
D) The nurse teaches the client about how her risk factors are a consequence of age.
Ans: B
Feedback:
Teaching about bone density and the role of vitamin D reflects an acknowledgment that the
client's diagnosis is attributable to both the client's age-related changes and risk factors such as
inadequate nutrient and mineral intake. Strength and mobility training may well be an
appropriate intervention, but it does not necessarily acknowledge the interplay of risk factors and
age in the client's diagnosis. The body–mind–spirit interconnectedness is a component of the
Functional Consequences Theory, but it does not address the relationship between risk factors
and age per se. Teaching about risk factors as a consequence of age implies that these factors are
an inevitable consequence of age, which is not the case.
, 3. A nurse is teaching a colleague about the difference between age-related changes and risk
factors. Which of the following examples should the nurse use when discussing age-related
changes?
A) An older adult with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
B) An older adult who is obese
C) An older adult with obstructive lung disease
D) An older adult with decreased bowel motility
Ans: D
Feedback:
Decreased bowel motility is an example of a phenomenon that is a normal consequence of the
aging process. Diabetes, obesity, and obstructive lung disease are all phenomena that may
constitute or exacerbate health problems for older adults, but they are not age-related changes.
4. A nurse determines risk factors for an 81-year-old client's plan of care. Which of the following
characteristics of the client would the nurse consider as a risk factor? (Select all that apply.)
A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Loss of bone density
C) Decreased vital lung capacity
D) Delayed gastric emptying
E) Digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity
Ans: A, E
Feedback:
Chronic bronchitis would be considered a pathologic process and risk factor for disease, rather
than an expected or inevitable age-related change. Adverse medication effects are also
considered risk factors. Loss of bone density, decreased vital lung capacity, and delayed gastric
emptying are all examples of normal, age-related changes.
5. A nurse is identifying positive functional consequences as part of the development of an older
client's care plan. Which of the following outcomes exemplifies the concept of positive
functional consequences for an older adult? (Select all that apply.)
A) The older adult with arthritis can walk 1 mile without pain.
B) The older adult who is overweight develops a plan to lose 2 lb a month.
C) The older adult has constipation from pain medication.
D) The older adult schedules cataract surgery.
Ans: A, B, D
Feedback:
